¿Existe una "malla de seguridad" en la Europa del sur? La lucha contra la pobreza y la exclusión en España, Grecia, Italia y Portugal

Abstract

The marginal role of social assistance and the absence of minimum income programmes have long been thought to constitute defining characteristics of the southern European model of welfare. Nevertheless, over the 1990s significant innovations in this field have taken place. The article aims to contribute to the analysis of recent developments by critically examining the experience of anti-poverty policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. It is argued that the 'patchiness' of safety nets in southern Europe is due to a unique set of constraints, the most relevant of which are the role of families and the 'softness' of state institutions. A review of national profiles reveals that new policies introduced in all four countries mark progress towards redressing some of the historical imbalances of that welfare model. In particular, fully-fledged minimum income schemes now operate in Portugal and in certain Spanish regions, while an experiment has been carried out involving a number of Italian municipalities. In view of this, the article concludes that social safety nets in southern Europe remain frail in terms of institutional design as well as political support and legitimacy.