Consideraciones sobre la naturaleza de la escala de Likert a través de diferentes estructuraciones de los datos Una aplicación para identificar estilos de aprendizaje en un entorno universitario

Ramón Alvarez-Esteban; José Luis Vázquez-Burguete

doi:10.3989/ris.2024.82.3.M23-05

Autores/as

Ramón Alvarez-Esteban Universidad de León https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4751-2797
José Luis Vázquez-Burguete Universidad de León https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-027X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2024.82.3.M23-05

Palabras clave:

ítem-Likert, escala-Likert, tabla múltiple, correspondencias múltiples, análisis factorial múltiple dual, GRSLSS estilos de aprendizaje

Resumen

La controversia sobre la consideración de los ítems-Likert medidos en escala ordinal o de intervalo dentro de los cuestionarios, así como la construcción de una escala-Likert mediante agregación de estos ítems, sigue enfrentando a los investigadores. Técnicas de análisis de datos multidimensionales como el análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM) y el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) obtienen estructuras dependiendo de la naturaleza de los datos, mientras que el análisis factorial múltiple dual (AFMD) permite construir configuraciones comparables para cada grupo de una muestra. En este trabajo, se estudian los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje (EA) mediante un cuestionario. El objetivo radica en mostrar configuraciones multidimensionales estables con estas técnicas, compartiendo una estructura común que relaciona los estilos colaborativo, dependiente y participativo. Se evidencia que estos estilos se contraponen al elusivo. Igualmente, se obtienen algunas diferencias multidimensionales por sexo, considerado como variable ilustrativa (ACM y ACP) y también de forma activa (AFMD).

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abascal, Elena, Vidal Díaz de Rada, Ignacio García Lautre y M. Isabel Landaluce. 2013. "Extending Dual Multiple Factor Analysis to Categorical Tables". Journal of Applied Statistics 40(2): 415-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2012.745836

Abdi, Hervé, Lynne J. Williams y Domininique Valentin. 2013. "Multiple Factor Analysis: Principal Component Analysis for Multitable and Multiblock Data Sets". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics 5(2): 149-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1246

Allen, I. Elaine y Christopher A. Seaman. 2007. "Statistics Roundtable: Likert Scales And Data Analyses". Quality Progress 40(7): 64-65.

Alonso, Catalina M., Domingo J. Gallego y Peter Honey. 2012. Los estilos de aprendizaje: Procedimientos de diagnóstico y mejora. 7.ª. Bilbao: Ediciones Mensajero.

Alonso García, Catalina M. 2008. "Estilos de aprendizaje. Presente y futuro". Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje 1(1): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.55777/rea.v1i1.860

Alwin, Duane F., Erin M. Baumgartner y Brett A. Beattie. 2018. "Number of Response Categories and Reliability in Attitude Measurement". Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology 6(2): 212-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smx025

Benzécri, J. P. 1973. L'analyse Des Données. Volume II. L'Analyse Des Correspondances. Paris: Dunod.

Benzécri, J. P. 1979. "Sur Le Calcul Des Taux d'inertie Dans l'analyse d'un Questionnaire, Addendum et Erratum à [BIN. MULT.]". Cahiers de l'analyse Des Données. Tome 4(3): 377-78.

Bishop, George F. 1987. "Experiments With the Middle Response Alternative in Survey Questions". Public Opinion Quarterly 51(2): 220-32. https://doi.org/10.1086/269030

Boone, Harry N. Jr. y Deborah A. Boone. 2012. "Analyzing Likert Data Likert-Type Versus Likert Scales". Journal of Extension 50(2). https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48

Borgatta, Edgar F. y George W. Bohrnstedt. 1980. "Level of Measurement". Sociological Methods & Research 9(2): 147-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418000900202

Cazau, P. (2004) Estilos de aprendizaje: Generalidades. Consulta 5 de julio de 2024 (https://cursa.ihmc.us/rid=1R440PDZR-13G3T80-2W50/4.%20Pautas-paraevaluarEstilos-de-Aprendizajes.pdf).

Cimermanová, Ivana. 2018. "The Effect of Learning Styles on Academic Achievement in Different Forms of Teaching". International Journal of Instruction 11(3): 219-32. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11316a

Coffield, Frank, David Moseley, Elaine Hall y Kathryn Ecclestone. 2004. Learning Styles and Pedagogy in Post 16 Education: A Critical and Systematic Review. Learning and Skills Research Council.

Cox, Eli P. 1980. "The Optimal Number of Response Alternatives for a Scale: A Review". Journal of Marketing Research 17(4): 407-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700401

Curry, Lynn. 1983. "An Organization of Learning Styles Theory and Constructs". En Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. 1-28. Montreal, Quebec. Consulta 5 de julio de 2024 (http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED235185.pdf).

Diaz, David P. y Ryan B. Cartnal. 1999. "Students' Learning Styles in Two Classes: Online Distance Learning and Equivalent On-Campus". College Teaching 47(4): 130-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567559909595802

Dunn, Rita. 1984. "Learning Style: State of the Science". Theory Into Practice 23(1): 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405848409543084

Dykema, Jennifer, Nora Cate Schaeffer, Dana Garbarski, Nadia Assad y Steven Blixt. 2022. "Towards a Reconsideration of the Use of Agree-Disagree Questions in Measuring Subjective Evaluations". Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 18(2): 2335-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.06.014 PMid:34253471 PMCid:PMC8692311

Escofier, Brigitte y Jérôme Pagès. 2008. Analyses Factorielles Simples et Multiples. Objectifs, Méthodes et Interprétation. Paris: Dunod.

Felder, Richard M. 2020. "Advances in Engineering Education OPINION : Uses, Misuses, and Validity of Learning Styles". Advances in Engineering Education 8(1): 1-16.

Fernández, Karmele, María Isabel Landaluce y Juan Ignacio Modroño. 2013. "Nuevo procedimiento metodológico para el análisis exploratorio de una tabla estructurada en diversos conjuntos de individuos." Estadística Española 55(182): 305-22.

Fritz, Martin y Max Koch. 2016. "Economic Development and Prosperity Patterns around the World : Structural Challenges for a Global Steady-State Economy". Global Environmental Change 38: 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.02.007

Gallego, Domingo J. 2013. "Ya he diagnosticado el estilo de aprendizaje de mis alumnos y ahora ¿qué hago?". Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje 6(12): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55777/rea.v6i12.985

Gallego Gil, Domingo J. y Catalina M. Alonso. 2020. "Enfoque holístico de la metodología de los estilos de aprendizaje en una institución educativa". Revista Diálogo Educacional 20(64): 8-22. https://doi.org/10.7213/1981-416X.20.064.DS01

García Cué, José Luis, José Antonio Santizo Rincón y Catalina M. Alonso García. 2009. "Instrumentos de medicion de estilos de aprendizaje". Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje 2(4): 3-21. https://doi.org/10.55777/rea.v2i4.886

Garg, Rajendar K.1996. "The Influence of Positive and Negative Wording and Issue Involvement on Responses to Likert Scales in Marketing Research". International Journal of Market Research 38(3): 235-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/147078539603800304

Gil Madrona, Pedro, Onofre Ricardo Contreras Jordán, Juan Carlos Pastor Vicedo, Isabel Gómez Barreto, Sixto González Villoria, Luis Miguel García López, M.ª del Valle Moya Martínez y Arturo López Corredor. 2007. "Estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Magisterio: especial consideración de los alumnos de Educación Física". Revista de Currículum y Formación de Profesorado 11(2): 1-19.

Grasha, Anthony F. 2002. Teaching with Style: A Practical Guide to Enhancing Learning by Understanding Teaching and Learning Styles. 2.ª ed. Pittsburg: Alliance Publishers.

Gross, Juergen H. y Uwe Ligges. 2015. Nortest: Tests for Normality. R Package Version1.0-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.nortest (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nortest). https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.nortest

Hamidah, Jaafar Sidek, Muhamad Noor Sarina y Kamaruzaman Jusoff. 2009. "The Social Interaction Learning Styles of Science and Social Science Students". Asian Social Science 5(7): 58-64. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v5n7p58

Höhne, Jan Karem y Dagmar Krebs. 2018. "Scale Direction Effects in Agree/Disagree and Item-Specific Questions: A Comparison of Question Formats". International Journal of Social Research Methodology 21(1): 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2017.1325566

Husson, F., J. Josse, S. Lê y J. Mazet. 2014. FactoMineR : Factor Analysis and Data Mining with R. R Package Version 1.28.

Keefe, John Wallace. 1979. Student Learning Styles: Diagnosing and Prescribing Programs. Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principles.

Kirschner, Paul A.2017. "Stop Propagating the Learning Styles Myth". Computers and Education 106: 166-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.006

Knapp, Thomas R.1990. "Treating Ordinal Scales as Interval Scales: An Attempt to Resolve the Controversy". Nursing Research 39(2): 121-23. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199003000-00019 PMid:2315066

Kolb, David A.2015. Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. 2.ª ed. New Yersey: Pearson.

Krupat, Edward. 2022. "When I Say … Likert Item". Medical Education 56(2): 149-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14660 PMid:34490643

Lê, Sébastien, Julie Josse y François Husson. 2008. "FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis". Journal of Statistical Software 25(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01

Lê, Sébastien y Jérôme Pagès. 2010. "DMFA: Dual Multiple Factor Analysis". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 39(3): 483-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610920903140114

Lelkes, Yphtach y Rebecca Weiss. 2015. "Much Ado about Acquiescence: The Relative Validity and Reliability of Construct-Specific and Agree-Disagree Questions". Research & Politics 2(3): 2335-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168015604173

Leung, Shing On. 2011. "A Comparison of Psychometric Properties and Normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-Point Likert Scales". Journal of Social Service Research 37(4): 412-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.580697

Likert, Rensis. 1932. "A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes". Archives of Psychology 22(140):5-55.

Liu, Mingnan, Sunghee Lee y Frederick G. Conrad. 2015. "Comparing Extreme Response Styles between Agree-Disagree and Item-Specific Scales". Public Opinion Quarterly 79(4): 952-75. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfv034

Maitland, Aaron. 2009. "How Many Scale Points Should I Include for Attitudinal Questions ?". Survey Practice 2(5): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.29115/SP-2009-0023

Méndez Hinojosa, Luz Marina, Pedro Gil-Madrona y J. Reinaldo Martínez-Fernández. 2021. Medición en investigación a través de Escalas Likert: teoría y práctica.

Moors, Guy. 2008. "Exploring the Effect of a Middle Response Category on Response Style in Attitude Measurement". Quality and Quantity 42(6): 779-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9067-x PMid:20084107 PMCid:PMC2798975

Moors, Guy, Natalia D. Kieruj y Jeroen K. Vermunt. 2014. "The Effect of Labeling and Numbering of Response Scales on the Likelihood of Response Bias". Sociological Methodology 44(1): 369-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175013516114

Newton, Philip M. 2015. "The Learning Styles Myth Is Thriving in Higher Education". Frontiers in Psychology 6(DEC): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01908 PMid:26696947 PMCid:PMC4678182

Pagès, Jérôme. 2014. Multiple Factor Analysis by Example Using R. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17700

Pantoja Ospina, Martín Alonso, Laura Inés Duque Salazar y Juan S. Correa Meneses. 2013. "Modelos de estilos de aprendizaje: una actualización para su revisión y análisis". Revista Colombiana de Educación (64): 79-105. https://doi.org/10.17227/01203916.64rce79.105

R Core Team. 2022. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

Reeskens, Tim y Marc Hooghe. 2008. "Cross-Cultural Measurement Equivalence of Generalized Trust. Evidence from the European Social Survey (2002 and 2004)". Social Indicators Research 85(3): 515-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9100-z

Revilla, Melanie A., Willem E. Saris y Jon A. Krosnick. 2014. "Choosing the Number of Categories in Agree-Disagree Scales". Sociological Methods and Research 43(1): 73-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113509605

Riechmann, Sheryl Wetter y Anthony F. Grasha. 1974. "A Rational Approach to Developing and Assessing the Construct Validity of a Student Learning Style Scales Instrument". The Journal of Psychology 87(2): 213-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1974.9915693

Saris, Willem E., Melanie Revilla, Jon A. Krosnick y Eric M. Shae. 2010. "Comparing Questions with Agree / Disagree Response Options to Questions with Item-Specific Response Options". Survey Research Methods 4(1): 61-79.

Serra-Olivares, J., J.García-Rubio, P. Gil Madrona, C. Cejudo Armero y S. González Víllora. 2018. "Estilos de aprendizaje y evaluación formativa: estudio con universitarios de Educación Física chilenos". SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte 7(1): 129-38. https://doi.org/10.6018/321991

Sharp, John G., Rob Bowker y Jenny Byrne. 2008. "Research Papers in Education VAK or VAK - Uous ? Towards the Trivialisation of Learning and the Death of Scholarship". Research Papers in Education 23(3): 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671520701755416

Stevens, Stanley S. 1946. "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement". Science 103(2684): 677-80. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.103.2684.677

Thomas, Hoben. 1982. "IQ, Interval Scales y Normal Distributions". Psychological Bulletin 91(1): 198-202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.198

Thurstone, Louis L. 1928. "Attitudes Can Be Measured". American Journal of Sociology 33(4): 529-54. https://doi.org/10.1086/214483

Thurstone, Louis L. y E. J. Chave. 1929. The Measurement of Attitude: A Psychophysical Method and Some Experiments with a Scale for Measuring Attitude toward the Church. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/11574-000

Van Vaerenbergh, Yves y Troy D. Thomas. 2013. "Response Styles in Survey Research: A Literature Review of Antecedents, Consequences, and Remedies". International Journal of Public Opinion Research 25(2): 195-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/eds021

Ventura, Ana Clara. 2011. "Estilos de aprendizaje y prácticas de enseñanza en la universidad. Un binomio que sustenta la calidad educativa". Perfiles Educativos XXXIII: 142-54.

Wu, Huiping y Shing-On Leung. 2017. "Can Likert Scales Be Treated as Interval Scales?-A Simulation Study". Journal of Social Service Research 43(4): 527-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2017.1329775

Yusoff, Rohana y Roziah Mohd Janor. 2014. "Generation of an Interval Metric Scale to Measure Attitude". SAGE Open 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013516768