Time banking in Spain. Exploring their structure, management and users´ profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2016.74.1.028Keywords:
Time banks, Spain, alternative markets, mixed-methods, profileAbstract
Time banks (TBs) have experienced significant growth in the last few years in Spain and have been incorporated in the agenda of political parties drawing the attention of national and international media as a solution to the economic crisis. Nevertheless, there is scant empirical evidence about this phenomenon in Spain. After describing the role of TBs in other countries, this paper examines the structure and management of TBs in Spain and develops a taxonomy of them. Additionally, it identifies the goals TBs pursue and the reasons why users join them. To do so, this paper uses a mixed-method approach consisting of in-depth interviews with 28 TB managers and an online survey of users (n=270). It concludes that TBs are a social-political project rather than a utilitarian-economic project, identifying differences between Spanish TBs and those in other countries.
Downloads
References
Alberich, T. 2014. "Movimientos sociales, responsabilidad corporativa e inclusión social en la globalización". Revista Internacional de Sociología 72(1): 113- 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ris.2013.03.04
Amorevole, R., Colombo G., and Grisendi A. 1998. Le banque del tempo. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Blanc, J., and Fare M. 2013. "Understanding the role of governments and administrations in the implementation of community and complementary currencies". Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 84(1): 63-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apce.12003
Blanc, J. 2011. "Classifying 'CCs': Community, complementary and local currencies' types and generations". International Journal of Community Currency Research 15: 4-10.
Boyle, D. 2014. "The Potential of Time Banks to support Social Inclusion and Employability". JCR Scientific and Policy Reports, Report EUR 26346 EN. European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
Cahn, E. 2001. No More Throw-Away People: The Co- Production Imperative. Washington DC: Essential Books.
Castells, M, Caraca, J.E. and Cardoso, G. 2012. Aftermath: The cultures of Economic Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clary, B. 2008. "Volunteer Management in Community Currency Systems: An Examination of Time Banks". Pp. 91-120 in M. Allen & L. Troth (eds), Challenges in Volunteer Management. Washington: IAP Information Age Publishing.
Collom, E. 2007. "The motivations, engagement, satisfaction, outcomes, and demographics of time bank participants: survey findings from a US system". International Journal of Community Currency Research 11: 36-83.
Collom, E. 2008. "Engagement of the elderly in time banking: The potential for social capital generation in an aging society". Journal of aging & social policy 20(4): 414-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959420802186282 PMid:19042555
Collom, E. 2011. "Motivations and Differential Participation in a Community Currency System: The Dynamics Within a Local Social Movement Organization". Sociological Forum 26(1): 144-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01228.x
Collom, E., Lasker, J.N. and Kyriacou, C. 2012. Equal Time, Equal Value Community Currencies and Time Banking in the US. Surrey: Ashgate. PMid:22147491
Del Moral, L. 2013. "Espacios comunitarios de intercambio, bienestar y sostenibilidad de la vida: estudio de casos sobre bancos de tiempo en un contexto europeo." PhD dissertation, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
Dittmer, K. 2013. "Local currencies for purposive degrowth? A quality check of some proposals for changing money-as-usual". Journal of Cleaner Production, 54: 3-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.044
Doty, D.H., and Glick, W.H. 1994. "Typologies as a unique form of theory building: Toward improved understanding and modeling". Academy of Management Review 19(2): 230-251.
Dubois E.A., Schor J.B. and Carfagna L.B. 2014. "New Cultures of Consumption in a Boston Time Bank". Pp. 95-124 in J. Schor and C. Thompson (Eds.), Sustainable Lifestyles and the Quest for Plenitude: Case Studies of the New Economy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Ekeh, P.P. 1974. Social Exchange Theory: The Two Traditions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Eunjung Cha, A. 2012. "Spain's crisis spawns alternative economy that doesn't rely on the euro." The Guardian. Retrieved June 17 2013 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/ world/2012/sep/04/spain-euro-free-economy).
Fare, M. 2012. Community Currencies and Self-Help Networkd: The Case of the Accorderie. Paris, France: Veblen Institute for Economic Reforms.
Ford, M.E. and Nichols, C.W. 1987. "A taxonomy of human goals and some possible applications". Pp. 289- 311, in M. E. Ford and D. H. Ford (eds.), Humans as self-constructing systems: Putting the framework to work. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Forno, F. and Graziano, P. 2014. "Sustainable community movement organisations". Journal of Consumer Culture 14(2): 139-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540514526225
Frayer, L. 2012. "Time Banks' Help Spaniards Weather Financial Crisis." US National Public Radio (online). Retrieved June 17 2013 (http://www.npr. org/2012/09/22/161380937/time-banks-help-spaniards-weather-financial-crisis).
Gomez, G.M and Helmsing, A.H. 2008. "Selective Spatial Closure and Local Economic Development: What Do We Learn from the Argentine Local Currency Systems?". World Development, 36(11): 2489-2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.11.015
Gisbert, J. 2010. Vivir sin empleo. Madrid: Los libros del lince.
Gregory, L. 2012. "Improving health through participation: time banks as a site for co-production." PhD dissertation, Cardiff University, UK.
Halsall, J.P., Wankhade, P. and Cook, I.G. 2014. "The Big Society Debate: Is it a Panacea for Reducing the Impact of Welfare Cuts in Public Health?". World Journal of Social Sciences 4(1): 167-175.
Hayashi, M. 2012. "Japan's Fureai Kippu Time-banking in Elderly Care: Origins, Development, Challenges and Impact". International Journal of Community Currency Research 16: 30-44.
Hughes, A. (2005). "Geographies of exchange and circulation: Alternative trading spaces". Progress in Human Geography 29(4): 496-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph563pr
Johnson, R.B., Onwuegbuzie, A.J., and Turner L.A. 2007. "Toward a definition of mixed methods research". Journal of mixed methods research 1(2): 112-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
Kimmel, S.D. 2008. "Beyond volunteerism: Timebanking as a catalyst for community and economic regeneration", Social Policy Fall: 4-9.
Lee, R., Leyshon, A., Aldridge, T., Tooke, J., Williams, C.C. and Thrift, N., 2004. "Making geographies and histories? Constructing local circuits of value". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 22(4): 595-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d50j
Martínez López, M. 2003. "Los movimientos sociales urbanos. Un análisis de la obra de Manuel Castells". Revista Internacional de Sociología 61(34): 81- 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ris.2003.i34.285
Miller, E.J. 2008. "Both Borrowers and Lenders: Time Banks and the Aged in Japan." PhD Dissertation, Australian National University, Australia.
Molnar, S. 2011. "Time is of the essence: The challenges and achievements of a Swedish time banking initiative". International Journal of Community Currency Research 15: 13-22.
North, P. 2003. "Time Banks – Learning the Lessons from LETS?" Local Economy 18(3): 267-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000111048
North, P. 2011. "Geographies and utopias of Cameron's Big Society". Social & Cultural Geography 12(8): 817-827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2011.618889
Ozanne, L.K. 2010. "Learning to exchange time: Benefits and obstacles to time banking". International Journal of Community Currency Research 14(20): 1-16
Ozanne, L.K. and Ozanne, J.L. 2011. "Building the strength of local community through time bank exchanges", European Advances in Consumer Research, 9. Retrieved June 14 2014 (https://www7511.ssldomain.com/acrwebsite/assets/PDFs/European%20 ACR%20Proceedings%20Vol%209.pdf).
Patton, M. Q. 2005. Qualitative research. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470013192.bsa514
Seyfang, G.J. and Pearson, R. 2000. "Time for Change: International experience in community currencies". Development 43(4): 56-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1110197
Seyfang, G.J. 2002. "Time on our side: Time banks and active citizenship". New Economy 9(4): 242-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0041.00278
Seyfang, G.J. and Smith, K. 2002. "The Time of Our Lives: Using Time Banking for Neighbourhood Renewal and Community Capacity Building". London: New Economics Foundation.
Seyfang, G.J. 2003. "Growing cohesive communities one favour at a time: social exclusion, active citizenship and time banks". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27(3): 699-706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00475
Seyfang, G.J. 2004. "Consuming values and contested cultures: a critical analysis of the UK strategy for sustainable consumption and production". Review of Social Economy 62(3): 323-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0034676042000253936
Seyfang, G.J. 2006. "Sustainable consumption, the new economics and community currencies: developing new institutions for environmental governance". Regional Studies 40(7): 781-791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400600959173
Seyfang, G.J. and Longhurst, N. 2013a. "Growing green money? Mapping community currencies for sustainable development". Ecological Economics 86: 65-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.003
Seyfang, G.J. and Longhurst, N. 2013b. "Desperately seeking niches: Grassroots innovations and niche development in the community currency field". Global Environmental Change 23(5): 881-891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.007
Vivir sin Empleo. 2014. "Situacion de los bancos de tiempo en espa-a en junio de 2010 y guia para la creacion de bancos de tiempo." Spain. Gisbert, J. Retrieved June 11 2014. (http://www.vivirsinempleo.org/2010/05 situacion-de-los-bancos-de-tiempo-en.html).
Yamagishi, T, and Cook K.S. 1993. "Generalized Exchange and Social Dilemmas". Social Psychological Quarterly 56: 235-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786661
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
