The conflict caused by the introduction of bears in the Pyrenees. Different interpretations of the natural and national contracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2010.03.10Keywords:
anamnesis, enviromentalism, ecologism, nationalismAbstract
The confilct caused by introducing bears into the Pyrenees, the mountain range dividing France and Spain, seems to be related to two cornerstones of modern life -the natural contract regulating the relationship between humans and animals, and a political contract regulating land ordnance of national territories. With regard to the natural relationship, if the categories of ontology proposed by ph. descola are accepted, against the “naturalism” instituted by science in the present, and the “totemism” revived by the ecology movement, there is also “animism”, promoted by hunters and livestock farmers, who put a very different interpretation on the relationship between humans and animals. notwithstanding land divisions between France and Spain, a type of relationship between the various valleys in the Pyrenees emerges from the political contract, and is one that has existed well before this age. like “animism”, this political social bond has remained on the edge and in some small corners in the order of modern life.
Downloads
References
Anderson, B. 1993. Comunidades imaginadas. México: FCE.
Benhammou, F. 2005. “Vendre la peu de l’ours avant de l’avant sauvé?” Pp. 99.77-120 en L’ours des Pyrenées. Les 4 vérités, editado por F. Benhammou, S. Bobbé, J-J. Camarra y A. Reunes. Toulouse: Éditions privat.
Benhammou, F. y I. Mermet. 2003. “Strategie et geopolitique de l’opposition a la conservation de la nature: le cas de l’ours des pyrinees.” Natures, Sciences, Societes 4: 381-393. doi:10.1016/j.natsci.2003.09.001
Bergua, J. A. 2003. Los Pirineos y el conflicto del agua. Donostia: Iralka.
Bergua, J.A. 2005. Patologías e la modernidad. Oviedo: Nóbel.
Bergua, J.a. 2007. Lo social instituyente. Materiales para una sociología no clásica. Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza.
Bérot, V. 2006. L’ours: les raisons de la colére. Pau: Editions Cairin. Bourdieu, p. 1997. Razones prácticas. Barcelona: Anagrama.
Bobbé, L. 2002. L’ours et le loup. Essai d’anthropologie symbolique. paris: editions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
Brives, A. 2000. Pyrinees sans frontiere. Pau: Editions Cairin.
Casanova, e. 1997. L’os del Pirineu, crónica d’un extermini. lleida: Pagès Editors.
Carrera, a. 2006. “diàleg transfronterer en una cruílla pirenaica. coincidències lxicals d’aran y comenge.” Ripacurtia 4: 55-76.
Connor, W. 1998. Etnonacionalismo. Madrid: Trama editorial.
De Marliave, o. 2003. Histoire de l’ours dans les Pyrenees. De la prehistoire a` la rreintroduction. Bordeaux: Editions Sud Ouest.
Derrida, J. 2008. El animal que luego estoy si(gui)endo. Madrid: Trotta.
Descola, Ph. 2006. Par dela` nature et culture. París: Gallimard.
Despret, V. y J. Porcher. 2007. Étre bête. Arles: Actes Sud.
Doniger, W. 2005. “Zoomorphism in ancient india. Humans More bestial than beasts.” pp. 18-36 en Thinking with Aanimals, editado por L. Daston Y Mitman. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Gellner, E. 1996. Naciones y nacionalismo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Gorría ipás, a. J. 1995. El Pirineo como espacio frontera. Zaragoza: Diputación General de Aragón.
Haraway, D. 2003. The Companion Species Manifesto. Dogs, People and Significant Otherness. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
Ibáñez, J. 1991. “Comunicaciones entre los pueblos y la ciudad.” Política y Sociedad 8: 95-100.
Jung, C. G. 1992. Los complejos y el inconsciente. Madrid: Alianza.
Latour, B. 2005. Reensamblar lo social. Una introducción a la teoría del actor-red. Buenos Aires: Manantial.
Lefebvre, H. 2000. Pyrenees, Pau: Editions Cairn.
Lourau, R. 1980. El estado y el inconsciente. Ensayo de sociología política. Barcelona: Kairós.
Melucci, a. 1996. Challenging Codes. Collective Action in the Informational Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Micaud, A. 1993. “Vers un nouvel animal sauvage: le “sauvage natuaralisé” vivant? Natures, Sciences, Societe’s 1: 202-210.
Porcher, J. 2002. Eleveurs et animaux: reinventer le lien. Paris: Puf.
Poujade, P. 2000. Identite´ et solidarite´s dans les Pyrenees. Essai sur les relations humaines (XVI-XIX siecle). Aspet: PyréGraph.
Serres, M. 1991. El contrato natural. Valencia: pre-textos.
Simondon, G. 2008. Dos lecciones sobre el animal y el hombre. Buenos Aires: La Cebra.
Spengler, O. 1998. La decadencia de Occidente. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
Viveiros de Castro, E. 2006. “Une figure humain peut cacher une affection-jaguar.” Multitudes 24:41-52. doi:10.3917/mult.024.0041
Vourc’h, A. y J-P. Raffin. 1992. “La réintroductions des especes. De la pasion a la méthode.” La Recherche 241:371-380.
Williams, R. 2002. El campo y la ciudad. Barcelona: Paidós.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
