Including and representing in activist spaces: collective identity and feminization of activism in the Platform of People Affected by Mortgages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2022.80.1.20.118Keywords:
Collective identity, Gender relations, Housing activism, Inclusion, Intersectionality, RepresentationAbstract
A challenge for housing rights organizations is to mobilize widely. For the Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (PAH), inclusion relies on a transversal collective identity, grounded on the experience of housing insecurity, and on the “feminization of activism”. This paper unfolds the implications of identity and feminization work, and its results in terms of inclusion and representation. It considers that PAH’s collective identity built around the ideal of a family dilutes the specific experience of immigrant and/or racialized women. The analysis, based on a qualitative survey, articulates the cultural approach of social movements, feminist sociology of work and intersectional perspective.
Downloads
References
Acker, J. 1990. "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations". Gender & Society 4(2): 139- 158. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124390004002002
Adell Argilés, R. y M. A. Martínez (eds). 2004. ¿Dónde están las llaves? El movimiento okupa: prácticas y contextos sociales. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata.
Aguilar Fernández, S. y A. Fernández Gibaja. 2010. "El movimiento por la vivienda digna en España o el porqué del fracaso de una protesta con amplia base social". Revista Internacional de Sociología 68(3): 679-704. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2008.12.01
Ancelovici, M. y M. Emperador Badimon. 2019. "Résister à la crise sur le pas de la porte. La lutte contre la dette et pour le droit au logement en Espagne". Mouvements 97: 94-103. https://doi.org/10.3917/mouv.097.0094
Aisa, M. 2014. La huelga de alquileres y el Comité de defensa económica. Barcelona: El Lokal.
Barbot, J. 1995. "Entre soi et face aux autres. La réunion hebdomadaire d'Act Up Paris". Politix 31: 113-132. https://doi.org/10.3406/polix.1995.1920
Beckwith, K. 1996. "Collective identities of class and gender: Working-class women in the Pittston coal strike". Political Psychology 19(1): 147-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00097
Beckwith, K. 2014. "Gender, Class, and the Structure of Intersectionality: Working-Class Women and the Pittston Coal Strike". Politics, Groups, and Identities 2(1): 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2013.872042
Brown, P. y F. Ferguson. 1995. "'Making a Big Stink': Women's Work, Women's Relationships and Toxic Waste Activism". Gender and Society 9: 145-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124395009002002
Burns, N., L. K. Schlozman y S. Verba. 2001. The private roots of public action. Gender, equality and political participation. London: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674029088
Carrasco, C. 2005. "La paradoja del cuidado: necesario pero invisible". Revista de economía critica 5: 39-64.
Chun, J., G. Lipsitz e Y. Shin. 2013. "Intersectionality as a social movement strategy: Asian immigrant women advocates". Signs 38(4): 917-940. https://doi.org/10.1086/669575
Crenshaw, K. 1989. "Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex. A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and anti-racist politics". University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.
D'Adda, G., M. Emperador Badimon, E. Sala, L. Sanmartín, F. G. Santos y E. Ramón (eds). 2022. La PAH. Una década de lucha por el derecho a la vivienda. Barcelona: Bellaterra Edicions.
Delphy, C. 1998. L'ennemi principal. Volume 1: Economie politique du patriarcat. Paris: Syllepses.
Díaz-Serrano, L. y J. M. Raya. 2014. "Mortgages, Immigrants and Discrimination: An Analysis of the Interest Rates in Spain". Regional Science and Urban Economics 45: 22-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2013.12.004
Dunezat, X. 2016. "La sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe: une lecture féministe et matérialiste des rapports hommes/femmes". Cahiers du genre 3(4): 175-198. https://doi.org/10.3917/cdge.hs04.0175
Dunezat, X. 2017. "L'articulation entre travail domestique et travail militant. Le cas des 'mouvements de sans' en France". Recherches féministes 30(2): 255-275. https://doi.org/10.7202/1043932ar
Einwohner, R., J. Hollander y O. Toska. 2000. "Engendering Social Movements. Cultural Images and Movement Dynamics". Gender and Society 14(5): 679-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124300014005006
Emperador Badimon, M. 2017. "Observer le militantisme par intermittence : les effets de la discontinuité sur le terrain". Politix 30(118): 209-232. https://doi.org/10.3917/pox.118.0207
Farràs, A. 28 de octubre de 2009. "El Gobierno ve 'brotes verdes' en el mercado inmobiliario". El Periódico. Accesible en línea: https://www.elperiodico.com/es/economia/20091028/gobierno-ve-brotes-verdes-mercado-102446 (consultado en enero de 2022).
Font, M. 8 de diciembre de 2015. "Ada Colau: Tenemos que feminizar a las instituciones, cambiando sus ritmos y prioridades". Público.https://www.publico.es/politica/ada-colau-feminizar-instituciones-cambiando.html (consultado en enero de 2022).
Fillieule, O. 2009. "Travail militant, action collective et rapports de genre" Pp. 23-72 en Le sexe du militantisme, editado por O. Fillieule y P. Roux. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.01.0677
Flesher Fominaya, C. 2019. "Collective Identity in Social Movements: Assessing the Limits of a Theoretical Framework" en D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, H-P. Kriesi y H. J. McCammon (eds). The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, 2nd edition. London: Wiley/Blackwell: 429-445. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119168577.ch24
Gaxie, D. 2002. "Appréhensions du politique et mobilisations des expériences sociales". Revue française de science politique 52(2): 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3406/rfsp.2002.403705
Gillian, C., A. Tronto y A. Hochschild. 2013. Contre l'indifférence des privilégiés: à quoi sert le care. Paris: Payot.
Glucksmann, M. 2005. "Shifting boundaries and interconnections: Extending the 'total social organisation of labour'". The Sociological Review 53: 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00570.x
Herd, P. y M. Harrington Meyer. 2002. "Care work: Invisible civic engagement". Gender and Society 16 (5): 665-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124302236991
Hill Collins, P. 1990. Black Feminist Thought. Knowledge, consciousness and the politics of empowerment. London: Routledge.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 2022. "Población extranjera por nacionalidad, comunidades, sexo y año". https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px&L=0 (consultado en enero de 2022)
Kergoat, D. 2010. "Le rapport social de sexe de la reproduction des rapports sociaux à leur subversion" Pp. 60-75 en Les rapports sociaux de sexe, dirigido por A. Bidet-Mordrel. Paris: PUF/Actuel Marx. https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.colle.2010.01.0060
Kergoat, D. 2012. Se battre, disent-elles. Paris: La Dispute.
Laperrière, M. y E. Lépinard. 2016. "Intersectionality as a tool for social movements: strategies for inclusion and representation in the Québécois women's movement". Politics 36(4): 374-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395716649009
Lawson, R. y S. E. Barton. 1980. "Sex roles in social movements: a case study of the tenant movement in New York City". Signs 6(2): 230-247. https://doi.org/10.1086/493794
McCarthy, J.D. y M.N. Zald. 1977. "Resource mobilization and social movements: a partial theory". American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212-1241. https://doi.org/10.1086/226464
Melucci, A. 1995. "The process of collective identity". Pp. 41-63 en Social Movements and Culture, editado por H. Johnston y B. Klandermans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Molinier, P. y M. Legarreta. 2016. "Subjetividad y materialidad del cuidado: ética, trabajo y proyecto político". Papeles del CEIC 1: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1387/pceic.16084
Moraga, C. y G. Anzaldúa. 1984. This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. New York: Kitchen Table.
Neuhauser, K. 1995. "Worse than Men'. Gendered mobilization in an Urban Brazilian Squatter Settlement". Gender and Society 9(1): 38-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124395009001003
Nez, H. 2012. "Délibérer au sein d'un mouvement social". Participations 3(4): 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3917/parti.004.0079
Pagis, J. 2014. Mai 68, un pavé dans leurs histoires. Événement et socialisation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po. https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.pagis.2014.01
PAH. 2020. Libro Verde de la PAH. Barcelona: PAH. En línea: https://pahbarcelona.org/es/presentamos-el-nuevo-libro-verde-de-la-pah-actualizado/ (consultado en enero de 2022).
PAH, ODESC, Aliança contra la pobresa energética, Enginyers sens Fronteres, Agència de Salut Publica, Consorci de salut de Barcelona. 2018. Perspectiva de gènere sobre el dret a l'habitatge i la pobresa energética a Barcelona. Barcelona: Observatori DESC. En línea: http://observatoridesc.org/sites/default/files/estudi-salut-odesc-alta.pdf (consultado en enero de 2022)
PAH, ODESC. 2016. Exclusió residencial al món local. Informe de la crisi hipotecària a Barcelona (2013-2016). Barcelona: Observatori DESC. En línea: https://afectadosporlahipoteca.com/2016/11/04/presentacion-del-informe-exclusio-residencial-al-mon-local-crisi-hipotecaria-a-barcelona-2013-2016/ (consultado en enero de 2022)
Pateman, C. 2015. "Sexual contract". Pp. 1-3 en The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, editado por N. Naples, M. Wickramasinghe, W. A. Wong y R. C. Hoogland. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss468
Pérez Quintana, V. y P. Sánchez León. 2008. Memoria ciudadana y movimiento vecinal. Madrid 1968-2008. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata.
Phillips, A. 1995. The Politics of Presence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Polletta, F. y J. M. Jasper. 2001. "Collective identity and social movements". Annual Review of Sociology 27(1): 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.283
Ravelli, Q. 2018. "Peut-on parler d'un mouvement postcolonial en Espagne ? 'Jour de la Race' et lutte indigène contre les banques". Mouvements 94(2): 126-140. https://doi.org/10.3917/mouv.094.0126
Royer, V., Y. Mieyaa y A. Le Blanc. 2014. "Socialisation de genre et construction des identités sexuées. Contextes sociétal et scientifique, acquis de la recherche et implications pratiques". Revue française de pédagogie 187: 97-137. https://doi.org/10.4000/rfp.4494
Royo Prieto, R., M. Silvestre Cabrera, L. González Estepa, E. Linares Bahillo y M. Suarez Errekalde. 2017. "Mujeres migrantes tejiendo democracia y sororidad desde el asociacionismo. Una aproximación cualitativa e interseccional". Investigaciones feministas 8(1):223-243. https://doi.org/10.5209/INFE.54496
Sagastizábal, M. 2019. "La triple presencia. Un acercamiento a la participación sociopolítica desde una perspectiva feminista". Política y Sociedad 56(3): 779-798. https://doi.org/10.5209/poso.63686
Santos, F. G. 2019. "Social movements and the politics of care: empathy, solidarity and eviction blockades". Social Movement Studies 19(2): 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1665504
Snow, D. 2001. "Collective Identity and Expressive Forms". University of California, Irvine eScholarship Repository. Acceso en línea: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zn1t7bj (consultado en abril de 2021).
Suarez, M. 2017. "Debt Revolts: Ecuadorian foreclosed families at the PAH in Barcelona". Dialectical Anthropology 41(3): 263-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-017-9455-8
Stout, N. 2016. "Petitioning a Giant: Debt, Reciprocity and Mortgage Modification in Sacramento Valley". American Ethnologist 43(1): 158-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12270
Strolovitch, D. Z. 2007. Affirmative Advocacy: Race, Class and Gender in Interest Group Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226777450.001.0001
Taylor, V. y L. J. Rupp. 1993. "Women's Culture and Lesbian Feminist Activism: A Reconsideration of Cultural Feminism". Signs 19(1): 32-61. https://doi.org/10.1086/494861
Taylor, K.Y. 2019. Race for Profit. How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Ownership. University of North Carolina Press. https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653662.001.0001
Tilly, C. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Torns, T. 2008. "El trabajo y el cuidado: Cuestiones teórico-metodológicas desde la perspectiva de género". EMPIRIA. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales 15: 53-73. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.15.2008.1199
Tronto, J. C. 1993. Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care. New York: New York University Press.
Tungohan, E. 2016. "Intersectionality and social justice: assessing activists' use of intersectionality through grassroots migrants' organizations in Canada". Politics, Groups, and Identities 4(3): 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1064006
Verge, T. y R. Tormos Marín. 2012. "La persistencia de las diferencias de género en las actitudes políticas". Revista española de investigaciones sociológicas 138:89-108.
Weldon, S. L. 2008. "Intersectionality". Pp. 193-218 en Politics, Gender, and Concepts: Theory and Methodology, editado por G. Goertz y A. G. Mazur. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511755910.009
West, C. y S. Fenstermaker. 1995. "Doing Difference". Gender and Society 9(1):8-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124395009001002
Zaki, L. 2006. "L'action publique au bidonville: l'État entre gestion par le manque, «éradication» des kariens et accompagnement social des habitants". L'Année du Maghreb: 303-320. https://doi.org/10.4000/anneemaghreb.128
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.