The importance of the business sector of activity in financialisation. A multilevel analysis of British and Spanish corporations

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2020.78.4.m20.002

Keywords:

Financialisation, Multilevel model, Non-financial corporations, Shareholder value

Abstract


Despite the increase in literature on financialisation, most fails to cross theoretical paradigms with empirical data at firm level. Furthermore, very few sectorial studies have been conducted to date. This paper aims to bridge this gap by estimating the importance of sectorial affiliation in explaining the financialisation of large companies in the United Kingdom and Spain. As the definition of financialisation is often imprecise and unclear, we begin with a discussion of the limitations of indicators used in financialisation literature. Secondly, we build a financialisation ratio based on a unique dataset obtained from balance sheets and income statement variables of the companies listed on the FTSE -100 and Continuous Market index of 2000-2015. Finally, and for the first time in literature, we have applied a multilevel methodology in order to study similarities between the estimated sectoral patterns for Spain and the United Kingdom. Preliminary results reveal a relevant influence of the corporate sector in financialisation ratio variability. The paper opens up a new theoretical and methodological research agenda for analysing financialisation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson and J. Robinson. 2004. "Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth". National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10481. https://doi.org/10.3386/w10481 PMCid:PMC544586

Acemoglu, D. and J. Robinson. 2012. Why nations fail: the origin of power, prosperity and poverty, New York: Crown Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae29-2j

Alvarez, I. 2015. "Financialization, non financial corporations and income inequality: the case of France". Socio-economic review 13(3), 449-475. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwv007

Barradas, R. 2016. "Evolution of the Financial Sector - Three Different Stages: Repression, Development and Financialisation". Chapter 8 in Advances in Applied Business Research: the L.A.B.S. Initiative, edited by O. Gomes and H. F. Martins. New York: Nova Science Publishers. https://doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2015.08

Barradas, R. and S. Lagoa. 2017. "Financialisation and The Portuguese Real Investment:A Supportive or Disruptive Relationship?". Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 40(3): 413-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2017.1286940

Barradas, R. 2017. "Financialisation and Real Investment in the European Union: Beneficial or prejudicial Effects?". Review of Political Economy 29(3): 376-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2017.1348574

Barradas, R. 2019. "Financialization and Neoliberalism and the Fall in the Labour Share: A Panel Data Econometric Analysis for the European Union Countries". Review of Radical Political Economics 51(3): 383-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613418807286

Bates, D., M. Maechler, B. Bolker and S. Walker. 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4". Journal of Statistical Software 67(1): 1-48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01

Baud, C. and C. Durand. 2012. "Financialization, globalization and the making of profits by leading retailers". Socio-Economic Review 10(2): 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwr016

Bowman, A. 2018. "Financialisation and the extractive industries: The case of South African platinum mining". Competition and change 22(4): 388-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529418785611

Bryan M. L. and Jenkins S. P. 2016. Multilevel Modelling of Country Effects: A Cautionary Tale. European Sociological Review 32(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv059

Crotty, J. 2005. "The neoliberal paradox. The impact of destructive product market competition and modern financial markets on non financial corporation performance in the neoliberal era". Pp. 77-110 in Financialisation and the world economy, edited by G. Epstein. London: Edwar Elgar.

Davis, L. 2016. "Identifying the 'financialization' of the nonfinancial corporation in the US economy: A decomposition of firm level balance sheets". Journal of Post Keynesian economics 39(1): 115-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2015.1116370

Davis, L. 2017. "Financialisation and investment: A survey of the empirical literature". Journal of Economic Surveys 31(5):1332-1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12242

Davis, L. 2018. "Financialisation and the non-financial corporation: an investigation of firm-level investment behavior in the United States". Metroeconomica. International Review of Economics 69(1): 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/meca.12179

Demir, F. 2009. Capital market imperfections and financialisation of real sectors in emerging markets: private investment and cash flow relationship revisited. World development 37(5): 953-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.09.003

Do Carmo, M., M. Sacomano and J. C. Donadone. 2019. "Financialisation in the Automotive Industry: Shareholders, Managers, and Salaries". Journal of Economic Issues 53(3): 841-862. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2019.1646609

Epstein, G. 2005. "Introduction: Financialisation and the World Economy". Pp. 3-16 in Financialisation and the World Economy, edited by G. Epstein. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Edlgar.

Ertuk, J., J. Froud, S. Johal, A. Leaver and K. Williams. 2008. Financialization at work. Key texts and commentary. London: Routledge.

Gospel, H., A. Pendelton, S. Vitols and P. Wilke. 2011. "New Investment Funds, Restructuring, and Labor Outcomes: A European Perspective". Corporate governance. An international Review 19(3): 276-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2011.00848.x

Hein, E. 2012. "'Financialization,' Distribution, Capital Accumulation, and Productivity Growth in a Post- Kaleckian Model". Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 34(3): 475-496. https://doi.org/10.2753/PKE0160-3477340305

Hein, E. and T. van Treeck. 2010. "Financialisation and rising shareholder power in Kaleckian/Post-Kaleckian models of distribution and growth". Review of Political Economy 22(2): 205-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538251003665628

Ireland, P. 2008. "Whose company is anyway?". Pp. 134-150 in Financialization at work. Key texts and commentary, edited by I. Ertuk, J. Froud, S. Johal, A. Leaver and K. Williams. London: Routledge.

Jensen, M. 2008. "Making internal control system work". Pp. 93-109 in Financialization at work. Key texts and commentary, edited by I. Ertuk, J. Froud, S. Johal, A. Leaver and K. Williams. London: Routledge.

Kalinowski, T. 2013. "Crisis management and the varieties of capitalism. Fiscal stimulus packages and the transformation of East Asian State-led capitalism since 2008", WZB Discussion Paper, SP III 2013-501.

Krippner, G. 2011. Capitalizing on Crisis: The Political Origins of the Rise of Finance. Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjk2x23

Lazonick, W and M. O'Sullivan. 2010. "Maximazing Shareholder Value: A New Ideology for Corporate Governance". Economy and Society 29(1): 13-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/030851400360541

Leckie G. 2013. Three-Level Multilevel Models: Concepts. LEMMA VLE Module 11. Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol. http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/cmm/migrated/documents/11-concepts-example.pdf

Lin, K-H. and D. Tomaskovic-Devey. 2013. "Financialization and U.S. Income Inequality, 1970-2008". American Journal of Sociology 118(5): 1284-1329. https://doi.org/10.1086/669499

Mazzucato M. 2014. The entrepreneurial state. New York: Anthem Press. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2744602

Miller, P. 1998. "The margins of accounting". Pp. 174-194 in The laws of the markets, edited by M. Callon. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1998.tb03474.x

Molina O. and M. Rhodes. 2007. "The Political Economy of Adjustment in Mixed Market Economies: A Study of Spain and Italy". Pp 223-252 in Beyond Varieties of Capitalism. Conflicts, Contradictions and Complementarities in the European Economy, edited by R. Hancké, M. Rhodes and M. Thatcher. Oxford: OUP. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206483.003.0008

Orhangazi, O. 2008. "Financialisation and capital accumulation in the non financial corporate sector". Cambridge Journal of Economics 32(6): 863-886. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/ben009

Robson K. and Pevalin D. 2015. Multilevel Modeling in Plain Language, SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473920712

Ruesga, S. 2012. "La financiarización de las relaciones laborales". Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales 30(2): 409-429. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CRLA.2012.v30.n2.40207

Snijders T. A. B. and Bosker R. 2012. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling, SAGE Publications Ltd.

Soener, M. 2015. "Why do firms financialize? Meso level evidence from the US apparel and footwear industry, 1991-2005". Socio-Economic Review 13(3): 549-573. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwv006

Stegmueller D. 2013. How Many Countries for Multilevel Modeling? A Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches. American Journal of Political Science 57(3), 748-761. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12001

Stockhammer, E. 2004. "Financialisation and the slowdown of accumulation". Cambridge Journal of Economics 28(5): 719-741. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/beh032

Stockhammer, E. 2005. "Shareholder value orientation and the investment profit puzzle". Journal of Post Keynesian economics 28 (2): 193-215. https://doi.org/10.2753/PKE0160-3477280203

Tomaskovic-Devey, D. and K-H. Lin. 2011. "Income Dynamics, Economic Rents, and the Financialization of the U.S. Economy". American Sociological Review 76(4), 538-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122411414827

Van der Zwan, N. 2014. "Making sense of financialisation". Socio-Economic Review 12(1): 99-129. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwt020

Williams, K. 2000. "From Shareholder Value to Present Day Capitalism". Economy and Society 29(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/030851400360532

Published

2020-12-15

How to Cite

Massó, M. ., & Bruna, F. . (2020). The importance of the business sector of activity in financialisation. A multilevel analysis of British and Spanish corporations. Revista Internacional De Sociología, 78(4), e170. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2020.78.4.m20.002

Issue

Section

Articles

Funding data

H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Grant numbers 746622

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
Grant numbers CSO2016-78122-R