El mecanismo de inversión ideológica: sobre los procesos de legitimación del capitalismo

Ismael Puga; Cristóbal Moya

doi:10.3989/ris.2020.78.2.18.164

Authors

Ismael Puga Universidad Central de Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-9678
Cristóbal Moya Zeppelin Universität https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4775

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2020.78.2.18.164

Keywords:

Ideology, Legitimacy, Legitimation, Mechanisms, Reproduction

Abstract

The study of legitimation as a mechanism for explaining the stability of capitalism has been largely displaced by studies on individuals’ dispositions towards inequality. Returning to the explanative role of legitimation, we propose an analytical distinction between three mechanisms of legitimation of the social order: social legitimacy, dissimulation, and ideological inversion. These mechanisms share some key features inspired by classical sociology, while differing in their explanation on how capitalism obtains social validity and endures through time. Specifically, we propose the primacy of the ideological inversion mechanism, as the most plausible thesis for the stability of contemporary societies. From this viewpoint, we suggest a new agenda for theoretical and empirical research on the legitimation of capitalism.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abercrombie, N. y B. Turner. 1978. "The Dominant Ideology Thesis". The British Journal of Sociology 29(2): 149-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/589886

Almstrom, C. 2006. "A Three-Worldview of System Justification Theory". Journal of Scientific Psychology (September): 6-8.

Althusser, L. 1970. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses". Pp. 127-187 en Lenin and Philosophy, and other essays, editado por Althusser, L. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Arnett, R. y J. Sidanius. 2018. "Sacrificing status for social harmony". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 147: 108-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.05.009

Beetham, D. 2013. The Legitimation of Power. London: Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-36117-2 PMCid:PMC3689052

Bénabou, R. y J. Tirole. 2006. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior". The American Economic Review 96(5): 1652- 1678. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.5.1652

Berger, J. y M. Zelditch. 1998. Status, power, and legitimacy. New Brunswick: Transaction.

Boltanski, L. 2011. On critique: A sociology of emancipation. Cambridge: Polity.

Boltanski, L. y E. Chiapello. 1999. The new spirit of capitalism. London: Verso.

Boltanski, L. y L. Thévenot. 1999. "The Sociology of Critical Capacity". European Journal of Social Theory 2(3): 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/136843199002003010

Bourdieu, P. 1979. "Symbolic Power". Critique of Anthropology 4(13-14): 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X7900401307

Bourdieu, P. 1980. "The production of belief". Media, Culture & Society 2(3): 261-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/016344378000200305

Bourdieu, P. 2000. Pascalian meditations. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bourdieu, P. y J.C. Passeron. 1990. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage Publications.

Bourdieu, P. y M. Saint Martin. 1998. The state nobility. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Bucca, M. 2016. "Merit and blame in unequal societies". Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 44: 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2016.02.005

Burawoy, M. 1979. Manufacturing consent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Burawoy, M. 2012. "The Roots of Domination". Sociology 46(2): 187-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511422725

Chiapello, E. 2003. "Reconciling the Two Principal Meanings of the Notion of Ideology". European Journal of Social Theory 6(2): 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431003006002001

Cichocka, A. y J. Jost. 2014. "Stripped of illusions? Exploring system justification processes in capitalist and post- Communist societies". International Journal of Psychology 49(1): 6-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12011 PMid:24811719

Durkheim, É. 1893/1964. The division of labour in society. New York: Free Press.

Eagleton, T. 1991. Ideology: An introduction. London: Verso.

Elster, J. 1985. Making sense of Marx. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Foucault, M. 1975/1995. Discipline and Punishment. New York: Vintage.

Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. NY: International Publishers.

Hegel, G. 1807/1967. The Phenomenology of Mind. New York: Harper and Row.

Heller, H. (Ed.). 2017. The French Revolution and historical materialism. Boston: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004345867

Homans, G. 1958. "Social Behavior as Exchange". American Journal of Sociology 63(6) 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355

Jasso, G. 1978. "On the Justice of Earnings". The American Journal of Sociology 83(6): 1398-1419. https://doi.org/10.1086/226706

Jasso, G. 2008. "A New Unified Theory of Sociobehavioural Forces". European Sociological Review 24(4): 411- 434. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcn023

Jasso, G. 2015. "The Social Psychology of Immigration and Inequality". Pp. 575-605 en Handbook of the social psychology of inequality, editado por J. McLeod, E. Lawler y M. Schwalbe. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9002-4_23

Johnson, C., Dowd, T. y C. Ridgeway. 2006. "Legitimacy as a Social Process". Annual Review of Sociology 32(1): 53-78. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123101

Jost, J., Banaji, M. y B. Nosek. 2004. "A Decade of System Justification Theory". Political Psychology 25(6): 881- 919. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x

Klandermans, B. 1984. "Mobilization and Participation". American Sociological Review 49(5): 583-600. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095417

Larraín, J. 2007. El concepto de ideología: Vol. I. Santiago de Chile: LOM. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2003.21.3211

Lenin, V. 1902/1977. "What is to be done?". Pp. 347-520 en Lenin's Collected Works (Vol. 5). Moscow: Progress Publishers.

Lerner, M.J. 1980. The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0448-5

Lukács, G. 1923/1971. History and class consciousness. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Mannheim, K. 1936/1985. Ideology and utopia. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Marx, K. 1844/1977. Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Marx, K. 1852/1988. The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publishers.

Marx, K. 1859/1978. "Preface to the Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy". Pp. 3-6 en The Marx-Engels reader, editado por R. Tucker. New York: Norton.

Marx, K. 1867/1909. Capital: Vol. I. Chicago: Kerr & Co.

Marx, K. 1894/1909. Capital: Vol. III. Chicago: Kerr & Co.

Marx, K. y F. Engels. 1846/1998. "The German ideology". En The German Ideology including Theses on Feuerbach and Introduction to The critique of political economy. Amherst NY: Prometheus Books.

Mouffe, C. 1979/2014. "Hegemony and ideology in Gramsci". Pp. 168-204 en Gramsci and Marxist theory, editado por C. Mouffe. London, New York: Routledge.

Müller, H. y B Wegener (Eds.). 1995. Soziale Ungleichheit und soziale Gerechtigkeit. Opladen: Leske & Budrich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11419-2

Olson, Mancur 1971. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Osborne, D. y C. Sibley. 2015. "Opposing Paths to Ideology". Social Justice Research 28(1): 27-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-014-0227-1

Parsons, T. 1979. The social system. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Plekhanov, G. 1895/1972. The Development of the Monist view of History. New York: International Publishers.

Puga, I. en prensa. "Ideological inversion and the (de)legitimation of neoliberalism in Chile". En The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America, editado por L. Rivera y Y. Xochitl Bada. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.

Ricoeur, P. 1986. Lectures on ideology and utopia. New York: Columbia University Press.

Roemer, J. 1982. A general theory of exploitation and class. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Schneider, S. y P. Valet. 2017. "Relative Standards and Distributive Justice". Social Psychology Quarterly 80(3): 276-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272517708810

Sidanius, J. y F. Pratto. 2001. Social dominance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Van Zomeren, M., T. Postmes y R. Spears. 2008. "Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action". Psychological Bulletin 134(4): 504-535. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504 PMid:18605818

Weber, M. 1918/1999. "The Three Types of Legitimate Domination". Pp. 99-108 en Essays in economic sociology, editado por R. Swedberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691218168-008

Weber, M. 1920/1998. "Domination and Legitimacy". Pp. 24-37 en German sociology, editado por U. Gerhardt. New York: The Continuum Publishing Company.

Weber, M. 1922/1978. Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wegener, B. 1987. "The Illusion of Distributive Justice". European Sociological Review 3(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036427

Žižek, S. 1989. The sublime object of ideology. London, New York: Verso.

Žižek, S. 1997. "The Supposed Subjects of Ideology". Critical Quarterly 39(2): 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00097