El mecanismo de inversión ideológica: sobre los procesos de legitimación del capitalismo

Ismael Puga; Cristóbal Moya

doi:10.3989/ris.2020.78.2.18.164

Autores/as

Ismael Puga Universidad Central de Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-9678
Cristóbal Moya Zeppelin Universität https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4775

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2020.78.2.18.164

Palabras clave:

Cambio social, Ideología, Legitimación, Mecanismos, Reproducción

Resumen

El estudio de la legitimación del capitalismo como explicación de su estabilidad ha sido desplazado por estudios sobre las disposiciones individuales hacia la desigualdad y las jerarquías. Recuperando el carácter explicativo de la legitimación, proponemos distinguir analíticamente entre tres grandes mecanismos de legitimación del orden social: legitimidad social, disimulación e inversión ideológica. Estos mecanismos comparten principios clave para la teoría sociológica clásica, pero difieren en la explicación sobre cómo el capitalismo obtiene validez social y se sostiene en el tiempo. Proponemos específicamente la primacía explicativa del mecanismo de inversión ideológica como tesis más plausible para la estabilidad social en las sociedades contemporáneas. A partir de esta tesis, sugerimos una nueva agenda de investigación teórica y empírica sobre la legitimación del orden capitalista.

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