Cómo la polarización, las actitudes populistas y la reacción cultural influyen en el apoyo de los ciudadanos a la democracia: evidencia desde España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2024.82.4.1304Palabras clave:
polarización afectiva, valores, actitudes democráticas, populismo, derecha radicalResumen
En los últimos años, se ha dedicado una atención académica creciente a la comprensión de las consecuencias de tres fenómenos en auge sobre la legitimidad democrática: el populismo, la polarización y la contra-reacción cultural. Aunque la literatura ha reconocido ampliamente las raíces comunes de los tres fenómenos y la forma en que se influyen mutuamente, poco se sabe sobre su relación empírica a nivel actitudinal. Utilizando datos de España, este artículo examina si (y cómo) la polarización afectiva, las actitudes populistas y los valores de la contra-reacción cultural están conectados en las actitudes de los ciudadanos y en qué medida afectan al apoyo a la democracia como mejor forma de gobierno. Los resultados indican que mantener de manera consistente opiniones populistas, valores culturales conservadores y estar afectivamente polarizado es particularmente perjudicial para la democracia cuando este patrón actitudinal es mantenido por los individuos más jóvenes. Discutimos las implicaciones que la socialización en entornos democráticos marcados por una retórica populista frecuente y una polarización creciente podría tener sobre el compromiso democrático de las generaciones más jóvenes de ciudadanos.
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Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia
Números de la subvención 21876/PI/2022
