Las implicaciones de ser asocial en las redes sociales

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2022.80.4.M22-006

Palabras clave:

Capital Social, Desconexión, Eliminar Amistades o Dejar de Ser Amigo, Evitación Selectiva, Redes Sociales, Espacios Seguros

Resumen


Los primeros estudios sobre redes sociales respaldaban visiones optimistas en relación con su impacto positivo en el desarrollo del capital social, y relacionaban su uso con la exposición a puntos de vista más diversos y a un mayor compromiso con la sociedad. Sin embargo, recientemente, los investigadores empezaron a analizar los comportamientos asociales que se pueden llevar a cabo en las redes sociales y a estudiar sus consecuencias sobre el desarrollo del capital social. En este ensayo, revisamos la literatura existente centrada en estudiar estas prácticas de evitación y desconexión selectiva y avanzamos en el concepto de ‘espacios digitales seguros’ -entornos online creados filtrando y eliminando post hoc a contactos en redes sociales-, con el objetivo de profundizar en el debate sobre sus consecuencias en las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas. Nuestros hallazgos apuntan al hecho de que los espacios digitales seguros pueden constituir un entorno fértil para la expresión cívica y política, especialmente para las minorías. Sin embargo, la creación de estos enclaves digitales puede también alejar aún más a las minorías del consenso político generalizado y podría llevar a una reducción de las oportunidades económicas y políticas de aquellos ciudadanos que están excluidos de los “espacios seguros”.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Aldrich, D. 2011. "The Externalities of Strong Social Capital: Post-Tsunami Recovery in Southeast India". Journal of Civil Society 7(1): 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2011.553441

Barnidge, M., C. Peacock, B. Kim, Y. Kim y M. A. Xenos. 2022. "Networks and Selective Avoidance: How Social Media Networks Influence Unfriending and Other Avoidance Behaviors". Social Science Computer Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211069628

Bayer, J., N. Ellison, S. Schoenebeck y E. Falk. 2015. "Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat". Information, Communication & Society 19(7): 956-977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1084349

Bode, L. 2016. "Pruning the news feed: Unfriending and unfollowing political content on social media". Research & Politics 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168016661873

Boyd, D. y N. Ellison. 2007. "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(1): 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Coleman, J. 1990. Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Costa, E. 2018. "Affordances-in-practice: An ethnographic critique of social media logic and context collapse". New Media & Society 20(10): 3641-3656. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818756290 PMid:30581356 PMCid:PMC6256726

Davis, J. y N. Jurgenson. 2014. "Context collapse: theorizing context collusions and collisions". Information, Communication & Society 17(4): 476-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.888458

Donath, J. 2007. "Signals in Social Supernets". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(1): 231-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00394.x

Dunbar, R. 2016. "Do online social media cut through the constraints that limit the size of offline social networks?". Royal Society Open Science 3(1): 150292. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150292 PMid:26909163 PMCid:PMC4736918

Durkheim, E., 1984. The division of labor in society. New York: Free Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17729-5

Ellison, N., C. Steinfield y C. Lampe. 2007. "The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12(4): 1143-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x

Garrett, R. K., D. Carnahan y E. K. Lynch. 2013. "A turn toward avoidance? Selective exposure to online political information, 2004-2008". Political Behavior 35: 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-011-9185-6

Gil de Zúñiga, H., N. Jung y S. Valenzuela. 2012. "Social Media Use for News and Individuals' Social Capital, Civic Engagement and Political Participation". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 17(3): 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x

Gillespie, T., 2015. "Platforms Intervene". Social Media + Society 1(1): 205630511558047. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115580479

Goyanes, M. y M. M. Skoric. 2021. "Citizen (Dis)engagement on Social Media: How the Catalan Referendum Crisis Fostered a Teflonic Social Media Behaviour". Mediterranean Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2021.1904349

John, N. y S. Dvir-Gvirsman. 2015. "'I Don't Like You Any More': Facebook Unfriending by Israelis During the Israel-Gaza Conflict of 2014". Journal of Communication 65(6): 953-974. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12188

John, N. y A. Agbarya. 2020. "Punching up or turning away? Palestinians unfriending Jewish Israelis on Facebook". New Media & Society 23(5): 1063-1079. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820908256

John, N. y N. Gal. 2018. "'He's Got His Own Sea': Political Facebook Unfriending in the Personal Public Sphere". International Journal of Communication 12(2018): 2971-2988.

Kaun, A. 2021. "Ways of seeing digital disconnection: A negative sociology of digital culture". Convergence 27(6): 1571-1583. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211045535

Kim, Y. 2011. "The contribution of social network sites to exposure to political difference: The relationships among SNSs, online political messaging, and exposure to cross-cutting perspectives". Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2): 971-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.001

Kramer, N., L. Hoffmann y S. Eimler. 2015. "Not Breaking Bonds on Facebook-Mixed-Methods Research on the Influence of Individuals' Need to Belong on "Unfriending" Behavior on Facebook". International Journal of Developmental Science, 9(2): 61-74. https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-150161

Lane, J. E., K. McCaffree y F. L. Shults. 2021. "Is radicalization reinforced by social media censorship?". arXiv preprint arXiv: 2103.12842.

Light, B. y E. Cassidy. 2014. "Strategies for the suspension and prevention of connection: Rendering disconnection as socioeconomic lubricant with Facebook". New Media & Society 16(7): 1169-1184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814544002

Ling, R. 2008. New tech, new ties: How mobile communication is reshaping social cohesion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7568.001.0001

Ling, R. y C. Lai. 2016. "Microcoordination 2.0: Social Coordination in the Age of Smartphones and Messaging Apps". Journal of Communication 66(5): 834-856. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12251

Marwick, A. y D. Boyd. 2010. "I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience". New Media & Society 13(1): 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313

Mosco, V. 2004. The Digital Sublime: Myth, Power, and Cyberspace. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2433.001.0001

Noel, H. y B. Nyhan. 2011. "The "unfriending" problem: The consequences of homophily in friendship retention for causal estimates of social influence". Social Networks 33(3): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.003

Noelle-Neumann, E. 1974. "The spiral of silence: a theory of public opinion". Journal of Communication 24(2): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x

Poor, N. 2005. "Mechanisms of an Online Public Sphere: The Website Slashdot". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00241.x

Portes, A. 2014. "Downsides of social capital". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 111(52): 18407-18408. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421888112 PMid:25535346 PMCid:PMC4284550

Portes, A. y E. Vickstrom. 2011. "Diversity, Social Capital, and Cohesion". Annual Review of Sociology 37(1): 461-479. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150022

Resnick, P. 2001. "Beyond bowling together: Sociotechnical capital". Pp. 247-272 en Human-computer interaction in the new millennium, editado por J. Carroll. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

Schwarz, O., & Shani, G. 2016. "Culture in Mediated Interaction: Political Defriending on Facebook and the Limits of Networked Individualism". American Journal of Cultural Sociology 4(3): 385-421. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41290-016-0006-6

Sibona, C. 2014. "Unfriending on Facebook: Context Collapse and Unfriending Behaviors". 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1676-1685. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.214

Skoric, M. M. & Ng, D. Y. Y. 2009. "Bowling Online, Not Alone: Online Social Capital and Political Participation in Singapore". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(2): 414-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01447.x

Skoric, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. 2016. "Social Media & Citizen Engagement: A Meta-Analytic Review". New Media & Society, 18(9): 1817-1839 https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616221

Skoric, M., Zhu, Q. y Lin, J. 2018. "What Predicts Selective Avoidance on Social Media? A Study of Political Unfriending in Hong Kong and Taiwan". American Behavioral Scientist, 62(8): 1097-1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218764251

Skoric, M., Q. Zhu, K. Koc-Michalska, S. Boulianne y B. Bimber. 2021. "Selective Avoidance on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Western Democracies". Social Science Computer Review, 40(5): 1241-1258. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211005468

Tsfati, Y. y S. Dvir-Gvirsman. 2018. "Silencing Fellow Citizens: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Validation of a Scale for Measuring the Belief in the Importance of Actively Silencing Others". International Journal of Public Opinion Research 30(3): 391-419. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edw038

Vaccari, C., A. Valeriani, P. Barberá, J. Jost, J. Nagler. y J. Tucker. 2016. "Of Echo Chambers and Contrarian Clubs: Exposure to Political Disagreement Among German and Italian Users of Twitter". Social Media + Society 2(3): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116664221

Valenzuela, S., N. Park y K. Kee. 2009. "Is There Social Capital in a Social Network Site?: Facebook Use and College Students' Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14(4): 875-901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x

Yang, J., M. Barnidge y H. Rojas. 2017. "The politics of "Unfriending": User filtration in response to political disagreement on social media". Computers in Human Behavior 70: 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.079

Zhu, Q. y M. Skoric. 2021a. "From Context Collapse to "Safe Spaces": Selective Avoidance through Tie Dissolution on Social Media". Mass Communication and Society 24(6): 892-917. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1883671

Zhu, Q. y M. Skoric. 2021b. "Political implications of disconnection on social media: A study of politically motivated unfriending". New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/d52p6

Zhu, Q., M. Skoric y F. Shen. 2017. "I Shield Myself from Thee: Selective Avoidance on Social Media During Political Protests". Political Communication 34(1): 112-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2016.1222471

Publicado

2022-12-28

Cómo citar

Skoric, M. M. ., & Zhu, Q. . (2022). Las implicaciones de ser asocial en las redes sociales. Revista Internacional De Sociología, 80(4), e217. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2022.80.4.M22-006

Número

Sección

Artículos