¿Se acumula capital social en Asia Oriental con el uso de las redes sociales? Inferencia causal estadística con datos del Asian Barometer Survey

Tetsuro  Kobayashi; Dani  Madrid-Morales

doi:10.3989/ris.2022.80.4.M22-002

Autores/as

Tetsuro Kobayashi City University of Hong Kong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-538X
Dani Madrid-Morales Universidad de Sheffield https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-5857

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2022.80.4.M22-002

Palabras clave:

Asociaciones, Confianza en General, Emparejamiento (matching), Tamaño de la Red Interpersonal, Uso de Internet

Resumen

Los primeros estudios experimentales sobre el uso de Internet revelaron un efecto negativo de este sobre la acumulación de capital social. Desde entonces, muchos estudios han identificado efectos positivos. Estos resultados poco concluyentes se deben a la diversidad de usos de Internet, la ambigüedad conceptual del término ‘capital social’, la falta de estudios sobre diferentes culturas, y las limitaciones metodológicas de la inferencia causal. En este estudio, aplicamos inferencia causal estadística a datos del Asian Barometer Survey para estudiar si el uso de las redes sociales para conectar con otras personas incrementa el capital social en cuatro países y territorios de Asia Oriental. Hallamos resultados dispares, sin efectos claramente positivos en el impacto del uso de las redes sociales sobre la participación en asociaciones y la confianza en general. En cambio, vemos que el uso de las redes sociales incrementa el tamaño de la red interpersonal de forma bastante consistente. También analizamos las repercusiones de estos resultados.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abadie, A. y G. W. Imbens. 2006. "Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects". Econometrica 74(1): 235-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00655.x

Abadie, A. y G. W. Imbens. 2011. "Bias-corrected matching estimators for average treatment effects". Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 29: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1198/jbes.2009.07333

Austin, P. C. 2011. "An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies". Multivariate Behavioral Research 46(3): 399-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.568786 PMid:21818162 PMCid:PMC3144483

Bakshy, E. A., S. A. Messing y L. A Adamic. 2015. "Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook". Science 348(6239): 1130-1132. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1160 PMid:25953820

Bian, Y. 2019. Guanxi, How China Works. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz128

Boulianne, S. 2009. "Does internet use affect engagement? A meta-analysis of research". Political Communication 26: 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600902854363

Boulianne, S. 2015. "Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research". Information, Communication & Society 18(5): 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1008542

Bourdieu, P. 1986. "The forms of capital". Pp. 241-258 en Cultural theory: An anthology, editado por I. Szeman y T. Kaposy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley.

Chen, H.-T. y X. Li. 2017. "The contribution of mobile social media to social capital and psychological well-being: Examining the role of communicative use, friending and self-disclosure". Computers in Human Behavior 75: 958-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.011

Ellison, N. B., C. Steinfield y C. Lampe. 2007. "The benefits of Facebook "friends:" Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12: 1143-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x

Fischer, C. S. 2005. "Bowling alone: What's the score?" Social Networks 27(2): 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2005.01.009

Gil de Zúñiga, H., N. Jung y S. Valenzuela. 2012. "Social media use for news and individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 17: 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x

Hampton, K. N. y B. Wellman. 2003. "Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet supports community and social capital in a wired suburb". City & Community 2: 277-311. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1535-6841.2003.00057.x

Haythornthwaite, C. 2002. "Strong, weak, and latent ties and the impact of new media". The Information Society 18(5): 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240290108195

Ikeda, K. I. y S. E. Richey. 2005. "Japanese network capital: The impact of social networks on Japanese political participation". Political Behavior 27(3): 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-5512-0

Kim, B. e Y. Kim. 2017. "College students' social media use and communication network heterogeneity: Implications for social capital and subjective well-being". Computers in Human Behavior 73: 620-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.033

Kobayashi, T. 2010. "Bridging social capital in online communities: Heterogeneity and social tolerance of online game players in Japan". Human Communication Research 36(4): 546-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01388.x

Kobayashi, T. y J. Boase. 2014. "Tele-cocooning: Mobile texting and social scope". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 19: 681-694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12064

Kobayashi, T., K. I. Ikeda y K. Miyata. 2006. "Social capital online: Collective use of the Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy". Information, Community & Society 9(5): 582-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180600965575

Kraut, R., S. Kiesler, B. Bonka, J. Cummings, V. Helgeson y A. Crawford. 2002. "Internet paradox revisited". Journal of Social Issues 58: 49-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00248

Kraut, R., M. Patterson, V. Lundmark, S. Kiesler, T. Mukophadhyay y W. Scherlis. 1998. "Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?" American Psychologist 53(9): 1017-1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017 PMid:9841579

Levin, D. Z., J. Walter y J. K. Murnighan. 2011. "Dormant ties: The value of reconnecting". Organization Science 22(4): 923-939. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0576

Li, X. y W. Chen. 2014. "Facebook or Renren? A comparative study of social networking site use and social capital among Chinese international students in the United States". Computers in Human Behavior 35: 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.012

Lin, J. H. T. 2019. "Strategic social grooming: Emergent social grooming styles on Facebook, social capital and well-being". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 24: 90-107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmz002

Lin, N. 2001. "Building a network theory of social capital". Pp. 3-29 en Social capital: Theory and research, editado por N. Lin, K. Cook y R. S. Burt. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315129457-1

Liu, D., S. E. Ainsworth y R. F. Baumeister. 2016. "A meta-analysis of social networking online and social capital". Review of General Psychology 20: 369-391. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000091

Marwick, A. E. y D. Boyd. 2011. "I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience". New Media & Society 13(1): 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313

McDermott, R. 2011. "Internal and external validity". Pp. 27-40 en Cambridge handbook of experimental political science, editado por J. Druckman, D. Greene, J. Kuklinski y A. Lupia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511921452.003 PMid:21910023

Miyata, K. y T. Kobayashi. 2008. "Causal relationship between Internet use and social capital in Japan". Asian Journal of Social Psychology 11(1): 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00242.x

Nie, N. H., D. S. Hillygus y L. Erbring. 2002. "Internet use, interpersonal relations and sociability: A time diary study". Pp. 215-243 en The Internet in everyday life, editado por B. Wellman y C. Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.

Norris, P. 2001. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164887

Putnam, R. D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

Quan-Haase, A. 2007. "University students' local and distant social ties: Using and integrating modes of communication on campus". Information Communication and Society 10(5): 671-693. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180701658020

Quan-Haase, A. y B. Wellman. 2004. "How does the Internet affect social capital?". Pp. 113-135 en Social capital and information technology, editado por M. Huysman y V. Wulf. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Quan-Haase, A., B. Wellman, J. C. Witte y K. N. Hampton. 2002. "Capitalizing on the net: Social contact, civic engagement, and sense of community". Pp. 291-324 en The Internet in everyday life, editado por B. Wellman y C. Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.

Rierdan, J. 1999. "Internet-depression link?" American Psychologist 54: 781-782. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.9.781

Robinson, J., M. Kestnbaum, A. Neustadtl y A. Alvarez. 2002. "The Internet and other uses of time". Pp. 244-262 en The Internet in everyday life, editado B. Wellman y C. Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774298.ch8 PMid:11935336

Schug, J., M. Yuki, H. Horikawa y K. Takemura. 2009. "Similarity attraction and actually selecting similar others: How cross-societal differences in relational mobility affect interpersonal similarity in Japan and the USA". Asian Journal of Social Psychology 12(2): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2009.01277.x

Shah, D. V., N. Kwak y R. L. Holbert. 2001. ""Connecting" and "disconnecting" with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital". Political Communication 18(2): 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846001750322952

Shapiro, J. S. 1999. "Loneliness: Paradox or artifact?" American Psychologist 54: 782-783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.9.782

Stuart, E. A. 2010. "Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward". Statistical Science 25(1): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1214/09-STS313 PMid:20871802 PMCid:PMC2943670

Valenzuela, S., T. Correa y H. Gil de Zúñiga. 2018. "Ties, likes, and tweets: Using strong and weak ties to explain differences in protest participation across Facebook and Twitter use". Political Communication 35(1): 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1334726

Valeriani, A. y C. Vaccari. 2017. "Political talk on mobile instant messaging services: A comparative analysis of Germany, Italy, and the U.K.". Information, Communication & Society 21: 1715-1731. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1350730

Wellman, B. y C. Haythornthwaite (eds.). 2002. The Internet in everyday life. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774298

Wellman, B., A. Quan-Haase, J. Boase, W. Chen, K. Hampton, I. Díaz y K. Miyata. 2003. "The social affordances of the internet for networked individualism". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00216.x

Yamagishi, T. 2011. Trust: The Evolutionary Game of Mind and Society. New York: Springer.

Yuki, M. y J. Schug. 2020. "Psychological consequences of relational mobility". Current Opinion in Psychology 32: 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.029 PMid:31491705