Hacia una sociedad igualitaria: valores familiares y género en los jóvenes en Alemania, Noruega y España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2021.79.3.19.70Palabras clave:
Familia postpatriarcal, Valores, Género, Jóvenes, Encuesta Social EuropeaResumen
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo inciden las variables socio-demográficas en los valores familiares y laborales entre los jóvenes de 18 a 35 años en Alemania, Noruega y España, países con diferentes modelos familiares, Estados de bienestar y roles de género. El artículo trata, por tanto, de cubrir el vacío existente en la literatura sobre los valores familiares y de género entre los jóvenes, tratando de ir más allá de la perspectiva dualista existente en estos estudios. El análisis está basado en los datos procedentes de la Encuesta Social Europea correspondiente a 2010, la cual contiene preguntas relativas a los valores familiares y la conciliación laboral y familiar. Se ha aplicado un análisis de regresión logística para estimar el efecto de variables socio-demográficas como el género, la educación o la situación laboral en los valores familiares de los jóvenes desde una perspectiva comparada.
Los resultados evidencian que los valores familiares tradicionales están más enraizados entre los jóvenes en los países del sur de Europa que en el norte de Europa. También se ha observado un efecto significativo de la educación en aquellos países donde la familia tradicional está más arraigada, mientras que el desempleo tiene un efecto inverso en los valores tradicionales. Estos hallazgos aportan progresos innovadores a los estudios de juventud y familia desde una perspectiva comparada, además de ser útiles para orientar el diseño de políticas familiares destinadas a favorecer la transición actitudinal hacia modelos de familia igualitarios con potenciales efectos positivos en la fecundidad y la igualdad de género.
Descargas
Citas
Aboim, S. 2010. Labour and Love: the gender division of labour and caring in across-national perspective. Inn S. Aboim Ed. , Plural Masculinities. Aldershot: Ashgate, 83-109.
Akerlof, G. and Kranton R. 2000. "Economics and Identity". Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (3): 715-753. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355300554881
Alvarez, B. and Miles, D. 2003. "Gender effect of housework allocation: Evidence from Spanish two-earner couples". Journal of Population Economics 16 (3): 227-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001480200126
Auspurg, K., and Gundert, S. 2015. "Precarious employment and bargaining power: Results of a factorial survey analysis". Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 44 (2): 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2015-0204
Baker M.J. and Jacobsen, J.P. 2007. "Marriage, Specialization, and the Gender Division of Labor". Journal of Labor Economics, 25 4: 763-793. https://doi.org/10.1086/522907
Beck, Ulrich 1986: Risikogesellschaft. Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp.
Beck, U.; Beck-Gernsheim, E. 1993. Nicht Autonomie, sondern Bastelbiographie: Anmerkungen zur Individualisierungsdiskussion am Beispiel des Aufsatzes von Günter Burkart. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 22, 3: 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-1993-0302
Bernhardt E. 2004. "Is the Second Demographic Transition a useful concept for demography?" Vienna yearbook of population research 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2004s25
Liefbroer, A.C and Billari, F. (2009). "Bringing Norms Back In: A Theoretical and Empirical Discussion of Their Importance for Understanding Demographic Behaviour". Popul. Space Place16: 287-305 https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.552
Brines J. 1994. "Economic dependency, gender, and the division of labor at home". American Journal of Sociology, 100, 652-688. https://doi.org/10.1086/230577
Braun, M. and Scott, J. 2009. "Gender-role egalitarianism: Is the trend reversal real?" International Journal of Public Opinion Research 21(3): 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edp032
Brines, J., and Joyner, K. 1999. "The ties that bind: Principles of cohesion in cohabitation and marriage". American Sociological Review, 64: 333-355. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657490
Bryan, M. L., and Sevilla-Sanz, A. 2011. "Does housework lower wages? Evidence for Britain". Oxford Economic Papers, 63 (1): 187-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpq011 PMid:21141645
Calzada, I and Brooks, C. 2013. "The Myth of Mediterranean Familism", European Societies, 15 (4): 514-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2013.836402
Cliquet RL. 1991. The second demographic transition: fact or fiction? Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Coleman D. 2004. Why we don't have to believe without doubting in the" Second Demographic Transition"-some agnostic comments. Vienna yearbook of population research. 2004:11-24 https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2004s11
Crompton R., Lewis S. and Lyonette C. 2007. "Introduction: The Unravelling of the 'Male breadwinner' Model - and Some of its Consequences". In: Crompton R., Lewis S., Lyonette C. eds Women, Men, Work and Family in Europe.London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230800830
Crompton, R. and Lyonette, C. 2000. "The new Gender essentialism - domestic and family 'choices' and their relation to attitudes". British Journal of Sociology, 56 (4): 601-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00085.x PMid:16309438
Daly, M. and Scheiwe, K. 2010. "Individualisation and personal obligations Social policy, family policy and law reform in Germany and the UK". International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 24 (2): 177-197. https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebq005
Davis, S. N., Greenstein, T. N., and Gerteisen Marks, J. P. 2007. "Effects of union type on division of household labor: Do cohabiting men really perform more housework?". Journal of Family Issues, 28: 1246-1272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07300968
DeBacker, T. K., Crowson, H. M., Beesley, A. D., Thoma, S. J., and Hestevold, N. L. 2008. 2The challenge of measuring epistemic beliefs: An analysis of three self-report instruments". The Journal of Experimental Education, 76 (3): 281-312. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.76.3.281-314
Domínguez Folgueras, M. 2012. "La división del trabajo doméstico en las parejas españolas. Un análisis del uso del tiempo". Revista Internacional de Sociología, 70 (1): 153-179. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2009.08.26
Duncan, S. 2005. "Mothering, Class and Rationality". Sociological Review, 53 (2): 50-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00503.x
Engster. D. and Stensöta, H. O. 2011. "Do Family Policy Regimes Matter for Children's Well-Being". Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 18 (1): 82-124. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxr006 PMid:21692245
Esping-Andersen, G. and Billari, C. 2015. "Re-theorizing Family Demographics", Population and Development Review 41 (1):, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00024.x
Fagan, C. 2002. "How many hours? Work-time regimes and preferences in European countries". In G. Crow and S. Heath Eds. , Social conceptions of time: Structure and process in work and everyday life pp. 69-77 . Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501928_6
Ferrera, M. 1998. "The Four 'Social Europes: Between Universalism and Selectivity". In: Rhodes M., Mény Y. eds The Future of European Welfare. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26543-5_5
Ferrera, M. 1996. "The Southern model of welfare in Social Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 6 (1): 17-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/095892879600600102
Flaquer, L. 2000. La articulación entre familia y Estado de bienestar en los países de la Europa del sur, Paper. 73: 27-58. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v73n0.1105
Flaquer, Ll. Moreno Mínguez, A., and Cano, T. 2017. "Changing family models: Emerging new opportunities for fathers in Catalonia Spain ?". In I. Crespi and E. Ruspini Eds. . Balancing Work and Family in a Changing Society. The Fathers' Perspective, London: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53354-8_5
Fuwa, M. 2004. "Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries". American Sociological Review, 69: 751-767. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900601
Goldscheider, F.; Bernhardt, E. and Lappegård, T. 2015. "The Gender Revolution: A Framework for Understanding Changing Family and Demographic Behavior", 41 2 : 207-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00045.x
González, M. J., Miret, P. and Treviño, R. 2010. "Just living together: implications of cohabitation for fathers, participation in child care in Western Europe". Demographic Research, 23 (16) : 445-478. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.16
Greenstein T. 2000. "Economic dependence, gender, and the division of labor in the home: A replication and extension2. Journal of Marriage and the Family: 62,322-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00322.x
Hagqvist, E. (2016). The juggle and struggle of everyday life Gender, division of work, work-family perceptions and well-being in different policy contexts, Doctoral tesis
Hakim, C. 2000. Work-lifestyle choices in the 21st century: Preference theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Karu, M., and Kasearu, K. 2011. "Slow Steps Towards Dual Earner/ Dual Carer Family Model: Why Fathers do not Take Parental Leave". Studies of Transition States and Societies, 3 (1): 24-38.
Kasearu, K. 2009. "The Effect of Union Type on Work-Life Conflict in Five European Countries", Soc Indic Res 93:549-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9432-3
Killewald A, Gough M. 2010. "Money isn't everything: Wives' earnings and housework time". Social Science Research, 39:987-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.005 PMid:21278852 PMCid:PMC3028208
Lesthaeghe, R. 2010. "The unfolding story of the second demographic transition," Population and Development Review 36: 211-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x PMid:20734551
León, M. and Migliavacca, M. 2013. "Italy and Spain: Still the Case of Familistic Welfare Models?". Population Review 52 (1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2013.0001
Leon, M. and Pavolini, E. 2015. Social Investment' or Back to 'Familism': The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Family and Care Policies in Italy and Spain, Volume 19 (3). https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2014.948603
Lewis, J. and Daly 2000. "The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states". British Journal of Sociology, 51 (2): 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071310050030181
Leibfried, S. 1992. "Towards a European welfare state?", in C. Pierson and F. G. Castles eds., The Welfare State Reader, Cambridge: PolityPress, pp. 190207. Lipsmeyer, C. S. and Nordstrom
Luck, D. (2014). "Family values and family norms: What impact does culture have on familial and generative bejaviour", Comparative Population Studies, 39 (3): 451-464. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2014-12
Lye, D., and Waldron, I. 1997. "Attitudes toward cohabitation, family, and gender roles: relationships to values and political ideology". Sociological Perspectives, 40: 199-225. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389522
Matějů, P.Michael L. Smith, Weidnerová, S.Petra Anýžová, P. 2017. "The role of basic values and education on women's work and family preferences in Europe". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37 (9/10): 494-514. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-10-2016-0117
Meil G., Romero-Balsas, P. and Castrillo Bustamante, C. 2019. The effectiveness of corporate gender equality plans in improving leave provisions for fathers in Spain. Comunity, Work and Family, 22 (1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1541165
Moreno Mínguez, A. 2015. "La ambivalencia ante la corresponsabilidad parental en España: Una cuestión de género". Revista la Ventana, 42: 46-98. https://doi.org/10.32870/lv.v5i42.5713
Moreno Mínguez, A. and Crespi I. 2016. "Gender equality and family changes in the work-family culture in Southern Europe". International Review of Sociology, 27 (3): 394-420.
Moreno Mínguez, A., Ortega Gaspar, M. and Gamero, C. 2017. "Los modelos familiares en España: reflexionando sobre la ambivalencia familiar desde una aproximación teórica". Revista Española de Sociología, 26 (2): 149-167. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2016.5
Naldini, M. 2003. The Family in the Mediterranean Welfare State. London and Portland: Frank Cass. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203009468
Naldini, M. and Jurado, T. 2013. "Family and welfare state reorientation in Spain and inertia in Italy from a European perspective". Population Review, 52 (1): 43-61.
Perelli-Harris, Brienna et al. 2012. "Changes in union status during the transition to parent-hood: An examination of 11 European countries", Population Studies: A Journal of Demography 66 (2): 167-182 https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2012.673004 PMid:22530836
Pfau-Effinger, B. 2004. "Socio-historical paths of the male breadwinner model - an explanation of cross-national differences". The British Journal of Sociology 55 (3):377-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00025.x PMid:15383093
Pfau-Effinger, B., Flaquer, L. and Jensen, Per H. Eds. 2009. Formal and Informal Work in Europe. The Hidden Work Regime. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203881392
Saraceno, C. 2004. 'The Italian family from the 1960 to the present'. Modern Italy 9 (1) : 4757. https://doi.org/10.1080/13532940410001677494
Saraceno, Ch. And Keck, W. 2010. Can we identify intergenerational policy regimes in Europe?. European Societies 12(5):675-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2010.483006
Scott, J. 2006. Families and gender roles: How attitudes are changing" Arxius15: 143-154.
Sjöberg, O. 2010. "Ambivalent Attitudes, Contradictory Institutions: Ambivalence in Gender-Role Attitudes in Comparative Perspective". International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 51 (1-2) : 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715209347064
Sobotka T. 2008. Overview chapter 6: The diverse faces of the second demographic transition in Europe. Demographic research. 8;19:171-224. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.8
Solsona M. 1998 The second demographic transition from a gender perspective. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 11:211-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.1998.9968562
Sullivan, O. 2006 . Changing gender relations, changing families: Tracing the pace of change. New York: Roman and Littlefiled.
Sullivan, O. Gershuny, J. and Robinson, P. 2018. "Stalled or Uneven Gender Revolution? A Long-Term Processual Framework for Understanding Why Change Is Slow: Stalled or Uneven Gender Revolution?". Journal of Family Theory and Review 10 2: 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12248
Thornton, A., Axinn, W. G., and Xie, Y. 2007. Marriage and cohabitation. London: University of Chigaco Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226798684.001.0001
Tur-Prats, A. 2017 Unemployment and Intimate-Partner Violence: A Gender-Identity Approach, Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series, Working Paper nº 963
Tyrell, F. A., Wheeler, L. A., Gonzales, N. A., Dumka, L., & Millsap, R. (2016), Family influences on Mexican American adolescents' romantic relationships: Moderation by gender and culture. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26, 142-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12177 PMid:27019572 PMCid:PMC4803072
Van De Kaa, D. 2004. Is the Second Demographic Transition a Useful Research Concept: Questions and Answers, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2(2004):4-10. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2004s4
Van Wel, F. and Knijn, T. 2007. "Single mothers' motivation to work and their participation in the labour market in the Netherlands". International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 33 (1): 183-196.
Washbrook, E. 2007. Explaining the Gender Division of Labour: the role of the gender wage gap. University of Bristol, Centre for Market and Public Organisation, Working paper, N0. 07/174.
West, C., and Zimmerman, D. H. 1987 . "Doing gender.Gender and Society", 1: 125-151 https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Puede consultar desde aquí la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
Datos de los fondos
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
Números de la subvención RTI2018-099666-B-100