La legitimidad de las desigualdades salariales. Una aproximación multidimensional

Autores/as

  • Juan Carlos Castillo Valenzuela Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2010.11.22

Palabras clave:

Desigualdad económica, Justicia distributiva, Legitimidad, Percepción de desigualdad

Resumen


El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la legitimidad de la desigualdad salarial en contextos con distintos niveles de desigualdad económica. La pregunta que guía la investigación es: ¿cómo influye un alto nivel de desigualdad económica en la legitimidad de las desigualdades salariales? Tal pregunta requiere, en primer lugar, abordar teóricamente el concepto de legitimidad –característico de la sociología desde weber en adelante– así como también su medición empírica, para lo cual se propone un modelo multidimensional de medición de la legitimidad basado en la teoría de David Beetham. el análisis contempla la estimación empírica de este modelo mediante ecuaciones estructurales y modelos multinivel utilizando datos del Programa Internacional de Encuestas Sociales (ISSP).

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abercrombie, N., S. Hill y B. Turner. 1990. Dominant Ideologies. London: Unwin Hyman.

Abercrombie, N., S. Hill y B. Turner. 1980. The Dominant Ideology Thesis. London: Allen & Unwin.

Adams, J. 1963. “Towards an understanding of inequity.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 67:422-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0040968

Alesina, A. y P. Giuliano. 2010. “Preferences for Redistribution”. Pp. 93-131 en Handbook of social economics, vol. 1, editado por J. Benhabib, Matthew O. Jackson y Alberto Bisin. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Almas, Ingvild, Alexander W. Cappelen, Erik O. Sorensen y Bertil Tungodden. 2010. “Fairness and the Development of Inequality Acceptance.” Science 328:1176-1178. Recuperado Mayo 28, 2010.

Beetham, D. 1991a. “Max Weber and the Legitimacy of the Modern State.” Analyse & Kritik 13:34-45.

Beetham, D. 1991b. The Legitimation of Power. Hampshire: Palgrave.

Berger, J., M. Zelditch, B. Anderson y B. P. Cohen. 1972. “Structural Aspects of Distributive Justice: A Status Value Formulation”. Pp. 119-246 en Sociological Theories in Progress, vol. 2, editado por J. Berger, M. Zelditch y B. Anderson. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Berger, J. y M. Zelditch. 1998. Status, Power, and Legitimacy: Strategies & Theories. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

Berkowitz, L. y E. Walster. 1976. Equity theory: Toward a general theory of social interaction. New York: Academic Press.

Blau, P. 1963. “Critical Remarks on Weber’s Theory of Authority.” The American Political Science Review 57:305-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1952824

Braun, M. y R. Uher. 2003. “The ISSP and its Approach to Background Variables”. Pp. 33-47 en Advances in Cross-national Comparison: A European Working Book for Demographic and Socioeconomic Variables, editado por J. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik y C. Wolf. New York: Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers.

Bryk, A. y S. Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Newbury Park: Sage.

Burgoyne, C., D. Routh y S. Sidorenko-Stephenson. 1999. “Perceptions, Attributions and Policy in the Economic Domain: A Theoretical and Comparative Analysis.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 40:79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071529904000105

Castillo, J. 2011. “Is inequality becoming just? Changes in public opinion about economic idistribution in Chile.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 31(1): 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2011.00605.x

Castillo, J. 2011. “Legitimacy of Inequality in a Highly Unequal Context: Evidence from the Chilean Case.” Social Justice Research 24(4):314-340. Recuperado Diciembre 14, 2011.

Castillo, J. 2011. The legitimacy of economic inequality: An empirical approach to the case of Chile. Boca R.: Dissertation.com.

Castillo, J. 2009. “¿Cuál es la brecha salarial justa? Opinión pública y legitimación de la desigualdad económica en Chile.” Estudios Públicos 113:237-266.

Castillo, J., J. Gerlitz y M. Schrenker. 2008. “Perception and Legitimacy of Income Inequality in International Comparison”. Paper presented at the APSA Annual Conference, Aug. 28-31, Boston, USA.

Castillo, J., K. Mühleck y B. Wegener. 2008. The Empirical Approach to the Study of Social Justice: A Research Agenda for Latin America. México: Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean of United Nations Development Program (RBLAC-UNDP).

Cook, K. y K. Hegtvedt. 1983. “Distributive Justice, Equity, and Equality.” Annual Review of Sociology 9:217-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.09.080183.001245

Davey, L., D. Bobocel, L. Son Hing y M. Zanna. 1999. “Preference for the Merit Principle Scale: An Individual Difference Measure of Distributive Justice Preferences.” Social Justice Research 12:223-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022148418210

Deephouse, D. 1996. “Does Isomorphism Legitimate.” Academy of Management Journal 39:1024-1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256722

Della Fave, R. 1980. “The meek shall not inherit the earth: Self evaluation and the legitimacy of stratification.” American Sociological Review 45:955-971. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2094912

DiMaggio, P. y W. Powell. 1991. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Dion, M. 2010. When is it rational to redistribute? A cross-national examination of attitudes toward redistribution. Iowa: University of Iowa.

Dion, M. y V. Birchfield. s.f. “Economic development, income inequality and preferences for redistribution.” International Studies Quarterly (Accepted 02-2009).

Dornbusch, S. y W. Scott. 1975. Evaluation and the Exercise of Authority. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Evans, M., J. Kelley y C. Peoples. 2010. “Justifications of Inequality: The Normative Basis of Pay Differentials in 31 Nations*”. Social Science Quarterly 91:1405-1431. Recuperado Abril 26, 2011.

Evans, M. y J. Kelley. 2006. “Economic Development and Inequality Attitudes: The Long Shadow of the Past”. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 10-14, Montreal, Canada.

Gaviria, A. 2007. “Social Mobility and Preferences for Redistribution in Latin America.” Economía 8:55-96.

Gijsberts, M. 1999. The Legitimation of Inequality in State-Socialist and Market Societies, 1987-1996. Amsterdam: Thela Thesis.

Grafstein, R. 1981. “The Failure of Weber’s Conception of Legitimacy: Its Causes and Implications.” The Journal of Politics 43:456-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2130377

Habermas, J. 1973. Legitimationsprobleme im Spätkapitalismus. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

Hadler, M. 2005. “Why Do People Accept Different Income Ratios?.” Acta Sociologica 48:131-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699305053768

Heck, R. y S. Thomas. 2009. An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques. New York: Routledge.

Hegtvedt, K. y C. Johnson. 2000. “Justice beyond the Individual: A Future with Legitimation.” Social Psychology Quarterly 63:298-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695841

Hirschman, A. y M. Rothschild. 1973. “The Changing Tolerance for Income Inequality in the Course of Economic Development.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 87:544-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1882024

Homans, G. 1976. “Commentary”. Pp. 231-244 en Equity Theory: Toward a General Theory of Social Interaction, editado por L. Berkowitz y E. Walster. New York: Academic Press.

Huber, J., W. Form y J. Pease. 1970. “Income and Stratification Ideology: Beliefs About the American Opportunity Structure”. The American Journal of Sociology 75:703-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/224897

Huber, J. y W. Form. 1973. Income and Ideology: An Analysis of the American Political Formula. NewYork: Free Press.

Isaksson, A. y A. Lindskog. 2007. “Preferences for redistribution-a cross-country study in fairness.” rapport nr.: Working Papers in Economics 499.

Jasso, G. 1980. “A New Theory of Distributive Justice.” American Sociological Review 45:3-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095239

Jasso, G. 1999. “How Much Injustice Is There in the World? Two New Justice Indexes”. American Sociological Review 64:133-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657282

Jasso, G. 1978. “On the Justice of Earnings: A New Specification of the Justice Evaluation Function”. American Journal of Sociology 83:1398-1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/226706

Jasso, G. y B. Wegener. 1997. “Methods for Empirical Justice Analysis: Part 1. Framework, Models, and Quantities”. Social Justice Research 10:393-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02683292

Johnson, C., T. Dowd y C. Ridgeway. 2006. “Legitimacy as a Social Process”. Annual Review of Sociology 32:53-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123101

Jost, J., M. Banaji y B. Nosek. 2004. “A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo.” Political Psychology 25:881-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x

Jost, J., B. Pelham, O. Sheldon y B. Sullivan. 2003. “Social Inequality and the Reduction of Ideological Dissonance on Behalf of the System: Evidence of Enhanced System Justification Among the Disadvantaged”. European Journal of Social Psychology 33:13-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.127

Kelley, J. y M. Evans. 1993. “The Legitimation of Inequality: Occupational Earnings in Nine Nations.” The American Journal of Sociology 99:75-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230230

Kelley, J. y K. Zagorski. 2004. “Economic Change and the Legitimation of Inequality: The Transition from Socialism to Free Market in Central-East Europe.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 22:319-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0276-5624(04)22011-X

Kenworthy, L. 2007. “Inequality and Sociology.” American Behavioral Scientist 50:584-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764206295008

Kluegel, J. 1989. “Perceptions of Justice in the Us: Split Consciousness Among the American Public”. Paper presented at the Conference on Perception of Social Justice in East and West, Aug. 17, Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Kluegel, J. 1995. Social justice and political change: public opinion in capitalist and post-communist states. New York: A. de Gruyter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110868944

Kluegel, J., D. Mason y B. Wegener. 1995. Social Justice and Political Change: Public Opinion in Capitalist and Post-Communist States. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110868944

Kluegel, J., D. Mason y B. Wegener. 1999. “The Legitimation of Capitalism in the Postcommunist Transition: Public Opinion about Market Justice, 1991-1996”. European Sociological Review 15:251-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018263

Kluegel, J. y E. Smith. 1986. Beliefs About Inequality: Americans’ Views of What Is and What Ought to Be. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Kreidl, M. 2000. “Perceptions of Poverty and Wealth in Western and Post-Communist Countries.” Social Justice Research 13:151-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007597807110

Lambert, P. J., D. L. Millimet y D. Slottje. 2003. “Inequality Aversion and the Natural Rate of Subjective Inequality.” Journal of Public Economics 87:1061-1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(00)00171-7

Lipset, S. 1959. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.” The American Political Science Review 53:69-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1951731

Lübker, M. 2007. “Inequality and the Demand for Redistribution: Are the Assumptions of the New Growth Theory Valid?.” Socioeconomic Review 5:117-148.

Markovsky, B. 1988. “Anchoring Justice.” Social Psychology Quarterly 51:213-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786920

Mason, D. y J. Kluegel. 2000. Marketing Democracy: Changing Opinion about Inequality and Politics in East Central Europe. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Meltzer, A. y S. Richard. 1981. “A Rational Theory of the Size of Government.” The Journal of Political Economy 89:914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261013

Morris, M. y B. Western. 1999. “Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the Twentieth Century.” Annual Review of Sociology 25:623-657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.623

Mosca, G. 2001. “The Ruling Class”. Pp. 268-274 en Social Stratification: Class, Race and Gender in Sociological Perspective, editado por D. Grusky. Boulder: Westview Press.

Muthén, B. 2004. “Latent variable analysis”. Pp. 345–68 en The Sage Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences, editado por D. Kaplan. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Muthén, B. y L. Muthén. 2007. Mplus User’s Guide. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.

Muthén, Linda K. y B. Muthén. 2010. Mplus User’s Guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Osberg, L. y T. Smeeding. 2006. “‘Fair’ Inequality? Attitudes toward Pay Differentials: the United States in Comparative Perspective”. American Sociological Review 71:450-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240607100305

Pareto, V. 1901. The rise and fall of the elites. Salem: Ayer.

Runciman, W. G. 1966. Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. A Study of Attitudes to Social Inequality in Twentieth Century England. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Sampson, E. 1986. “Justice ideology and social legitimation”. Pp. 87-102 en Justice in Social Relations, editado por H. Bierhoff, R. Cohen y J. Greenberg. New York: Plenum Press.

Schneider, S. y J. Castillo. 2009. The Legitimacy of Social Inequality in Comparative Perspective: Do People and Countries Differ in their Poverty Attributions? Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile.

Shepelak, N. y D. Alwin. 1986. “Beliefs about Inequality and Perceptions of Distributive Justice”. American Sociological Review 51:30-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095476

Sidanius, J., S. Levin y F. Pratto. 1996. “Consensual Social Dominance Orientation and its Correlates within the Hierarchical Structure of American Society.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30:385-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(96)00025-9

Svallfors, S. 2006. The moral economy of class. Stanford University Press.

Tyler, T. 2005. “Introduction: Legitimating Ideologies.” Social Justice Research 18:211-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-005-6822-4

Tyler, T. 2006. “Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation.” Annual Review of Psychology 5:375-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038 PMid :16318600

Tyler, T. 1997. Social Justice in a Diverse Society. Boulder: Westview Press.

Tyler, T. y Y. Huo. 2002. Trust in the Law. Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and the Courts. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Walster, E., E. Berscheid y G. W. Walster. 1976. “New Directions in Equity Research”. Pp. 1-42 en Equity Theory: Toward a General Theory of Social Interaction, editado por L. Berkowitz y E. Walster. New York: Academic Press.

Weber, M. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Free Press.

Weber, M. 2005. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft : Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie. Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins.

Wegener, B. 1987. “The Illusion of Distributive Justice.” European Sociological Review 3:1-13.

Wegener, B. 1990. “Equity, Relative Deprivation, and the Value Consensus Paradox.” Social Justice Research 4:65-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048536

Wegener, B. 1999. “Belohnungs- und Prinzipiengerechtigkeit. Die zwei Welten der empirischen Gerechtigkeitsforschung”. Pp. 167-214 en Politische Gerechtigkeit, editado por U. Druwe y V. Kunz. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.

Wegener, B., B. Lippl y B. Christoph. 2000. “Justice Ideologies, Perceptions of Reward Justice, and Transformation: East and West Germany in Comparison”. Pp. 122-160 en Marketing Democracy: Changing Opinion about Inequality and Politics in East Central Europe, editado por D. Mason y J. Kluegel. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Zelditch, M. 2001. “Theories of Legitimacy”. Pp. 33-53 en The Psychology of Legitimacy, editado por J. Jost y B. Major. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Descargas

Publicado

2012-09-30

Cómo citar

Castillo Valenzuela, J. C. (2012). La legitimidad de las desigualdades salariales. Una aproximación multidimensional. Revista Internacional De Sociología, 70(3), 533–560. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2010.11.22

Número

Sección

Artículos